Beyond states: Harnessing sub-national actors for the deep decarbonisation of cities, regions, and businesses
Open accessAbstract
Important phenomena are emerging that increasingly call for enhanced or more coordinated climate governance, but that seriously challenge the capacities of a traditional governance system centered on nation-states, their legal subdivisions, and intergovernmental organizations. Climate change represents one such governance challenge. In this Perspective, we ask: What role are sub-national actors poised to play in terms of accelerating a transition to deep decarbonisation? What sorts of mitigation contributions can such actors make, in lieu of or even in concert with national pledges under the Paris Accord? To answer these questions, this Perspective first defines and identifies a range of sub-national actions and efforts undergoing on climate change. It then reviews studies that quantify non-state emissions potentials, mentions limitations with the analysis, and concludes with implications for both policy and governance efforts. The potential of sub-national action for climate mitigation appears to be substantial—up to about 20 GtCO2e, far greater than existing NDC contributions—although prone to potential overlaps and uncertainties.
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- Authors
- Hsu, A., Höhne, N., Kuramochi, T., Vilariño, V., & Sovacool, B. K.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- NewClimate Institute (DE)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sovacool, Benjamin K.
- Venue
- Energy Research & Social Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 101738
- ISSN
- 2214-6296 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3081409864
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 8.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.au.dk
- Licence
- Locations
- Energy Research & Social Science (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Sustainable Development
- Keywords
- deep decarbonization, climate change mitigation, subnational actors, Paris Agreement, Nationally Determined Contributions, cities, regions, climate policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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