The DOI matches its Crossref record; 109 of the 109 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A review of recycling spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials using hydrometallurgical treatments
Abstract
Abstract With the increasing market share of lithium-ion battery in the secondary battery market and their applications in electric vehicles, the recycling of the spent batteries has become necessary. The number of spent lithium-ion batteries grows daily, which presents a unique business opportunity of recovering and recycling valuable metals from the spent lithium-ion cathode materials. Various metals including cobalt, manganese, nickel, aluminum, and lithium can be extracted from these materials through leaching with chemicals such as hydrochloric acid ( HCl ), nitric acid ( HN O 3 ), sulfuric acid ( H 2 S O 4 ), oxalate ( H 2 C 2 O 2 ), DL-malic acid ( C 4 H 5 O 6 ), citric acid ( C 6 H 8 O 7 ), ascorbic acid ( C 6 H 8 O 6 ), phosphoric acid ( H 3 P O 4 ) or acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the available hydrometallurgical technologies for recycling spent lithium-ion cathode materials. The recycling processes, challenges and perspectives reported to date and recycling companies in the market are summarized. To accelerate the development of battery recycling technology toward commercialization, some potential research directions are also proposed in this paper.
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Recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries: Status, technologies, challenges, and prospects
Wang, M., Liu, K., Dutta, S., Alessi, D. S., Rinklebe, J., Ok, Y. S., & Tsang, D. C. W. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112515 · Cited by 361
Kumar, J., Neiber, R. R., Park, J., Ali Soomro, R., Greene, G. W., Ali Mazari, S., Young Seo, H., Hong Lee, J., Shon, M., Wook Chang, D., et al. (2022) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.133993 · Cited by 336
Wang, J., Li, D., Zeng, W., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., Li, Z., Li, C., & Mu, S. (2025) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2024.11.016 · Cited by 62
Sustainable Development Goals and End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Battery: Literature Review
Akram, M. N., & Abdul-Kader, W. (2023) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries9070353 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Jung, J. C.-Y., Sui, P.-C., & Zhang, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Energy Storage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 35
- Pages
- 102217
- ISSN
- 2352-152X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3122657112
- Cited by
- 549
- References
- 109
- FWCI
- 30.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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