Which psychotic experiences are associated with a need for clinical care?
Abstract
Background: The aims of this study were to identify (1) the factor structure of anomalous experiences across the psychosis continuum; (2) qualitative and quantitative differences in psychotic experiences (PEs) between “non need-for-care” and two clinical groups: psychosis patients and individuals at ultra high risk (UHR) of psychosis. We aimed to distinguish which types of experiences would be related to malign (need-for-care and/or help-seeking) versus benign outcomes. Methods: Component scores obtained from a Principal Components Analysis of PEs from lifetime scores on the Appraisals of Anomalous Experience Inventory (Brett et al., 2007) were compared across 96 participants: patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder ( n = 37), help-seeking UHR people ( n = 21), and non-clinical individuals presenting with enduring PEs ( n = 38). Results: A five-component structure provided the best solution, comprising dissociative-type experiences, subjective cognitive deficits, and three separate components relating to “positive” symptoms. All groups reported “positive” experiences, such as ideas of reference and hallucinations, with the non-clinical group displaying more PEs in the Paranormal/Hallucinatory component than both clinical groups. “Cognitive/Attentional anomalies” was the only component where the clinical groups reported significantly more anomalies than the non-clinical group. However psychosis patients reported more frequent first-rank type symptoms and “hypomanic” type PEs than the other groups. Discussion: “Positive” PEs were common across the psychosis spectrum, although first-rank type symptoms were particularly marked in participants diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Help-seeking and need-for-care were associated with the presence of subjective cognitive disturbances. These findings suggest that anomalies of cognition and attention may be more relevant to poorer outcomes than the presence of anomalous experiences.
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The finding that the non-clinical group is less likely to report cognitive and attentional difficulties than the clinical group is well-replicated.
“which is now a well-replicated finding 17,18,39,71”
From Clinical, socio‐demographic and psychological characteristics in individuals with persistent psychotic experiences with and without a “need for care” (2016) · cites this paper as [71]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Brett, C. M. C., Peters, E. R., & McGuire, P. K.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Peters, E.R.
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 648-654
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- OpenAlex
- W2073971917
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- King's College Hospital
- King's College London
- Guys & St Thomas’ Charity Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Keywords
- psychotic experiences, help-seeking, clinical high risk for psychosis, psychosis continuum, dissociative experiences, first-rank symptoms, hallucinations, ideas of reference
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Psychotic Disorders, Self Concept
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