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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Varicocele Is Associated with Impaired Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormone Levels: A Study of 7035 Healthy Young Men from Six European Countries

Open access
Damsgaard, Jakob, Joensen, Ulla N., Carlsen, Elisabeth, Erenpreiss, Juris, Blomberg Jensen, Martin, Matulevicius, Valentinas, Zilaitiene, Birute, Olesen, Inge A., Perheentupa, Antti, Punab, Margus, Salzbrunn, Andrea, Toppari, Jorma, Virtanen, Helena E., Juul, Anders, Skakkebæk, Niels E., Jørgensen, Niels·2016·European Urology
DOI 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.044
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Present knowledge on the impact of varicoceles on testicular function is largely based on studies of subfertile and infertile men, making it difficult to extrapolate the impact of varicocele on the general population. OBJECTIVE To describe associations between varicocele and testicular function assessed by semen analysis and reproductive hormones in men from the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional multicentre study of 7035 young men, median age 19 yr, from the general population in six European countries (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) were investigated from 1996 to 2010. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We analysed results from physical examination, conventional semen variables, and serum reproductive hormones using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 1102 (15.7%) had grade 1-3 varicocele. Increasing varicocele grade was associated with poorer semen quality, even in grade 1 varicocele. In grade 3 varicocele, sperm concentration was less than half of that in men with no varicocele. Presence of varicocele was also associated with higher serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, lower inhibin B, and higher levels of luteinising hormone; testosterone and free testosterone were not significantly different between men with and without varicocele. This study cannot draw a conclusion on the progressiveness of varicocele or the effect of treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated an adverse effect of increasing grade of varicocele on testicular function in men not selected due to fertility status. PATIENT SUMMARY The presence and increasing grade of varicocele is adversely associated with semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in young men from the general population.

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Authors
Damsgaard, J., Joensen, U. N., Carlsen, E., Erenpreiss, J., Blomberg Jensen, M., Matulevicius, V., Zilaitiene, B., Olesen, I. A., Perheentupa, A., Punab, M., Salzbrunn, A., Toppari, J., Virtanen, H. E., Juul, A., Skakkebæk, N. E., & Jørgensen, N.
Venue
European Urology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-12
Volume
70
Issue
6
Pages
1019-1029
ISSN
0302-2838 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.044
OpenAlex
W2470085322
Cited by
284
References
41
FWCI
30.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Varicocele Is Associated with Impaired Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormone Levels: A Study of 7035 Healthy Young Men from Six European Countries. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.044
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Damsgaard, J., Joensen, U. N., Carlsen, E., Erenpreiss, J., Blomberg Jensen, M., Matulevicius, V., Zilaitiene, B., Olesen, I. A., Perheentupa, A., Punab, M., Salzbrunn, A., Toppari, J., Virtanen, H. E., Juul, A., Skakkebæk, N. E., & Jørgensen, N. (2016). Varicocele Is Associated with Impaired Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormone Levels: A Study of 7035 Healthy Young Men from Six European Countries. European Urology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.044

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.