Robust evidence that mobile hunter-gatherers participated in war: Comment on Fry (2025)

Standard cross-cultural sample

Murdock, G. P., & White, D. R. (1969) · Ethnology · doi:10.2307/3772907 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works

Ethnographic Atlas: A Summary

Murdock, G. P. (1967) · Ethnology · doi:10.2307/3772751 · Cited by 933 · see citing works

The !Kung San: Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society

Cashdan, E., & Lee, R. B. (1982) · Ethnohistory · doi:10.2307/481016 · Cited by 645 · see citing works

A Bioarchaeological Perspective on the History of Violence

Walker, P. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.573 · Cited by 509 · see citing works

Troubled times: Violence and warfare in the past

Milner, G. R. (2000) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(2000)112:2 · Cited by 455 · see citing works

Lethal intergroup aggression leads to territorial expansion in wild chimpanzees

Mitani, J. C., Watts, D. P., & Amsler, S. J. (2010) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.021 · Cited by 437 · see citing works

Intergroup Aggression in Chimpanzees and War in Nomadic Hunter-Gatherers

Wrangham, R. W., & Glowacki, L. (2012) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-012-9132-1 · Cited by 343 · see citing works

Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya

Lahr, M. M., Rivera, F., Power, R. K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J. E., Fernandez, J. M. M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16477 · Cited by 330 · see citing works

Myths about Hunter-Gatherers

Ember, C. R. (1978) · Ethnology · doi:10.2307/3773193 · Cited by 309 · see citing works

Lethal Aggression in Mobile Forager Bands and Implications for the Origins of War

Fry, D. P., & Söderberg, P. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1235675 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

Wayward Servants: The Two Worlds of the African Pygmies.

Dinelle, G., & Turnbull, C. M. (1967) · Man · doi:10.2307/2798697 · Cited by 238 · see citing works

The phylogenetic roots of human lethal violence

Gómez, J. M., Verdú, M., González‐Megías, A., & Méndez, M. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19758 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

The Indians of Tierra del Fuego

Lothrop, S. K. (1928) · Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation eBooks · doi:10.5479/sil.472342.39088016090599 · Cited by 196 · see citing works

The evolutionary anthropology of war

Glowacki, L., Wilson, M. L., & Wrangham, R. W. (2017) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2017.09.014 · Cited by 189 · see citing works

Proving communal warfare among hunter‐gatherers: The quasi‐rousseauan error

Gat, A. (2015) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21446 · Cited by 175 · see citing works

Beyond War: The Human Potential for Peace

Fry, D. P. (2007) · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Bioarchaeological contributions to the study of violence

Martin, D. L., & Harrod, R. P. (2014) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22662 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Violence and warfare among hunter-gatherers

(2015) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.188598 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People

R., O., Spencer, B., & Gillen, F. J. (1928) · Geographical Journal · doi:10.2307/1782158 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Origins of Altruism and Cooperation

Sussman, R. W., & Cloninger, C. R. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9520-9 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

The origin of war : the evolution of a male-coalitional reproductive strategy

van der Dennen, J. M. G. (1995) · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Warfare, Aggression, and Resource Problems: Cross-Cultural Codes

Ember, C. R., & Ember, M. (1992) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/106939719202600108 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

On the Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands

F., C. D., & Man, E. H. (1932) · Geographical Journal · doi:10.2307/1784237 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Yale University Publications in Anthropology

Davidson, D. S., Sapn, E., & Spier, L. (1937) · Journal of American Folklore · doi:10.2307/535442 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

The Andaman Islanders: A Study in Social Anthropology

T., R. C. (1922) · Nature · doi:10.1038/110106a0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Myths about hunter-gatherers redux: nomadic forager war and peace

Fry, D. P., & Söderberg, P. (2014) · Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research · doi:10.1108/jacpr-06-2014-0127 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Ethnography and acculturation of the Fort Nelson Slave

Honigmann, J. J., & Mason, J. A. (1946) · Cited by 65 · see citing works

The Evolutionary Logic of Human Peaceful Behavior

Fry, D. P. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781118922545.ch14 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Focused Ethnographic Bibliography: Standard Cross-Cultural Sample

White, D. R. (1989) · Cross-Cultural Research · doi:10.1177/106939718902300102 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Pacifying Hunter-Gatherers

Hames, R. (2019) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-019-09340-w · Cited by 55 · see citing works

The evolution of peace

Glowacki, L. (2022) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x22002862 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

The Biocultural Evolution of Conflict Resolution Between Groups

Boehm, C. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858996.003.0016 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Human Nature: The Nomadic Forager Model

Fry, D. P. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9520-9_13 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Social inequality before farming? Multidisciplinary approaches to the study of social organization in prehistoric and ethnographic hunter-gatherer-fisher societies

Moreau, L. (2020) · doi:10.17863/cam.60627 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Societies within peace systems avoid war and build positive intergroup relationships

Fry, D. P., Souillac, G., Liebovitch, L. S., Coleman, P. T., Agan, K., Nicholson-Cox, E., Mason, D., Gomez, F. P., & Strauss, S. (2021) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-020-00692-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

New Relation of Gaspesia, with the Customs and Religion of the Gaspesian Indians

Clercq, C. L. (1910) · University of Toronto Press eBooks · doi:10.3138/9781442618213 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Forager Warfare and Our Evolutionary Past

LeBlanc, S. A. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315415970-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The controversial origins of war and peace: apes, foragers, and human evolution

Glowacki, L. (2024) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106618 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Killing conspecific adults in mammals

Gómez, J. M., Verdú, M., & González‐Megías, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1080 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Hunter-Gatherer Violence and Warfare in Australia

Allen, M. W. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315415970-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Notes on Montagnais‐Naskapi economy: (Lake St. John and Lake Mistassini bands)1

Lips, J. E. (1947) · Ethnos · doi:10.1080/00141844.1947.9980659 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Museum of the American Indian

Fairservis, W. A. (1989) · Anthropology News · doi:10.1111/an.1989.30.5.3.1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Handbook of North American Indians: Great Basin. Vol. 11

Lynch, R. N., & D'Azevedo, W. L. (1988) · The American Indian Quarterly · doi:10.2307/1184431 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The Origins of War

Meijer, H. (2024) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-024-09477-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The quest for scientific objectivity: comment on Luke Glowacki's (2024) “The controversial origins of war and peace: Apes, foragers, and human evolution”

Fry, D. P. (2024) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106650 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Anthropological Papers of the Nevada State Museum

(1964) · Anthropology News · doi:10.1111/an.1964.5.2.5.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Publications of the Champlain Society

Baskerville, P. A. (1987) · McGill-Queen's University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780773580763-008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The Meanings and Dividends of Man the Hunter

Venkataraman, V. V., Hagen, E. H., Stibbard-Hawkes, D., Hames, R., Lew-Levy, S., Jang, H., Glowacki, L., Hoffman, J., Kramer, K., Davis, H. E., et al. (2026) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2026.106840 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Evidence and conceptual models for the evolution of war: a response to and

Wilson, M. L. (2025) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106685 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

An evolutionary perspective on the current wars

McDermott, R. (2025) · Politics and the Life Sciences · doi:10.1017/pls.2025.10007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Third Generation Warfare in Post-9/11 Cinema

Bhangoo, A. S., Jin, X., & Awan, D. A. H. (2025) · Advanced Journal of Social Science · doi:10.21467/ajss.14.1.52-67 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Durkheim, Indoctrinability and the Moral Ambivalence of Human Sociality

Windzio, M. (2026) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-026-09531-2

Conflict-Mediated Group Size Regulation: A Theory of Supraoptimal and Suboptimal Group SizePreprint

Schniter, E. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.26.734857

The deadliest primate: Contest competition and the evolution of human males

Puts, D. A., & koohgard, S. (2026) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2026.103898

Hunter-Gatherer Mobility: Limitations of Interpretation

Patterson, L. W. (1997) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Warless and warlike hunter-gatherers: a comparison

Kelly, R. L. (2000) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Past and present in hunter gatherer studies

Schrire, C. (1984)

The Rise and Fall of Seasonal Mobility among Hunter-Gatherers: The Case of the Southern Levant [and Comments and Replies]

Lieberman, D. E., Belfer‐Cohen, A., Henry, D. O., Kaufman, D., Mackie, Q., Olszewski, D. I., Rocek, T. R., Sheppard, P. J., Trinkaus, E., & Valla, F. (1993) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/204209 · Cited by 145 · see citing works

Affect the Evolution of Human Social Behaviors? Did Warfare Among Ancestral Hunter-Gatherers

Bowles, S. (2009) · Cited by 2 · see citing works