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Cited by 124Corneal Surgery and TreatmentsCorneal surgery and disordersOcular Surface and Contact Lens

Cellular and extracellular matrix modulation of corneal stromal opacity

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Torricelli, Andre A.M., Wilson, Steven E.·2014·Experimental Eye Research
DOI 10.1016/j.exer.2014.09.013PMC PMC4259857
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Abstract

Stromal transparency is a critical factor contributing to normal function of the visual system. Corneal injury, surgery, disease and infection elicit complex wound healing responses that serve to protect against insults and maintain the integrity of the cornea, and subsequently to restore corneal structure and transparency. However, in some cases these processes result in prolonged loss of corneal transparency and resulting diminished vision. Corneal opacity is mediated by the complex actions of many cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines produced by the epithelial cells, stromal cells, bone marrow-derived cells, lacrimal tissues, and nerves. Myofibroblasts, and the disorganized extracellular matrix produced by these cells, are critical determinants of the level and persistence of stromal opacity after corneal injury. Decreases in corneal crystallins in myofibroblasts and corneal fibroblasts contribute to cellular opacity in the stroma. Regeneration of a fully functional epithelial basement membrane (BM) appears to have a critical role in the maintenance of corneal stromal transparency after mild injuries and recovery of transparency when opacity is generated after severe injuries. The epithelial BM likely has a regulatory function whereby it modulates epithelium-derived growth factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF) β and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) that drive the development and persistence of myofibroblasts from precursor cells. The purpose of this article is to review the factors involved in the maintenance of corneal transparency and to highlight the mechanisms involved in the appearance, persistency and regression of corneal opacity after stromal injury.

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  • Keratocytes are regarded as quiescent but can be activated after injury, generating myofibroblast precursors that can persist and cause corneal scarring due to their own opacity and production of fibrotic tissue.

    “The keratocytes are regarded as being quiescent but can be activated after injury generating myofibroblast precursors that can sometimes persist and cause corneal scarring due to their own opacity as well as their production of fibrotic tissue (Torreicelli and Wilson, 2014).”

    From Corneal structure and transparency (2015) · cites this paper as Torreicelli and Wilson, 2014

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Cited by

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Authors
Torricelli, A. A. M., & Wilson, S. E.
Affiliations
Cleveland Clinic (US)
Corresponding author
Wilson, Steven E.
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Eye Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-12
Volume
129
Pages
151-160
ISSN
0014-4835 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.exer.2014.09.013
PMC
PMC4259857
OpenAlex
W1997214631
Cited by
124
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10
FWCI
1.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Experimental Eye Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (EY015638, EY10056)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Eye Institute
  • Research to Prevent Blindness
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Corneal Surgery and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Corneal surgery and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
Keywords
corneal opacity, corneal wound healing, myofibroblasts, extracellular matrix, corneal fibroblasts, TGF-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, corneal injury
MeSH terms
Animals, Corneal Opacity, Corneal Stroma, Extracellular Matrix, Humans

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