Myofibroblasts
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are activated in response to tissue injury with the primary task to repair lost or damaged extracellular matrix. Enhanced collagen secretion and subsequent contraction - scarring - are part of the normal wound healing response and crucial to restore tissue integrity. Due to myofibroblasts ability to repair but not regenerate, accumulation of scar tissue is always associated with reduced organ performance. This is a fair price to pay by the body for not falling apart. Whereas myofibroblasts typically vanish after successful repair, dysregulation of the normal repair process can lead to persistent myofibroblast activation, for instance by chronic inflammation or mechanical stress in the tissue. Excessive repair leads to the accumulation of stiff collagenous ECM contractures - fibrosis - with dramatic consequences for organ function. The clinical need to terminate detrimental myofibroblast activities has stimulated researchers to answer a number of essential questions: where do myofibroblasts come from, what are the factors leading to their activation, how do we discriminate myofibroblasts from other cells, what is the molecular basis for their contractile activity, and how can we stop or at least control them? This article reviews the current state of the myofibroblast literature by emphasizing their role in ocular repair and fibrosis. It appears that although the eye is quite an extraordinary organ, ocular myofibroblasts behave or misbehave just like their siblings in other organs.
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hEDS and HSD skin fibroblasts show increased migratory capability, a feature of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition.
“Besides, these cells show an increased migratory capability, that is, together with the MMPs-mediated proteolytic degradation of ECM and the α-SMA cytoskeleton assembly, a peculiar feature of a fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition [50][51][52].”
Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts abundantly secrete various ECM proteins, and matrix metalloproteases, cathepsins and other ECM remodeling enzymes.
“Indeed, activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts abundantly secrete various ECM proteins, and matrix metalloproteases, cathepsins and other ECM remodeling enzymes77,224,235,236.”
From TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy (2021) · cites this paper as [235]
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Bochaton‐Piallat, M., Kapetanios, A. D., Donati, G., Redard, M., Gabbiani, G., & Pournaras, C. J. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Wound Contraction in Relation to Collagen Formation in Scorbutic Guinea-pigs
Abercrombie, M., Flint, M. H., & James, D. W. (1956) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.4.2.167 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Pattabiraman, P. P., Maddala, R., & Rao, P. V. (2013) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.24524 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
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TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy
Derynck, R., Turley, S. J., & Akhurst, R. J. (2021) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-020-0403-1 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
The big five in fibrosis: Macrophages, myofibroblasts, matrix, mechanics, and miscommunication
Pakshir, P., & Hinz, B. (2018) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.019 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Self-citationReproductive age-associated fibrosis in the stroma of the mammalian ovary
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The myofibroblast, a key cell in normal and pathological tissue repair
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The role of myofibroblasts in wound healing
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Self-citationPakshir, P., Noskovicova, N., Lodyga, M., Son, D. O., Schuster, R., Goodwin, A., Karvonen, H., & Hinz, B. (2020) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.227900 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationPatch repair of deep wounds by mobilized fascia
Correa-Gallegos, D., Jiang, D., Christ, S., Ramesh, P., Ye, H., Wannemacher, J., Kalgudde Gopal, S., Yu, Q., Aichler, M., Walch, A., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1794-y · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Time to redefine endometriosis including its pro-fibrotic nature
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The Role of Myofibroblasts in Physiological and Pathological Tissue Repair
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Self-citationLodyga, M., Cambridge, E., Karvonen, H. M., Pakshir, P., Wu, B., Boo, S., Kiebalo, M., Kaarteenaho, R., Glogauer, M., Kapoor, M., et al. (2019) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aao3469 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanical regulation of myofibroblast phenoconversion and collagen contraction
Hinz, B., McCulloch, C. A., & Coelho, N. M. (2019) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.027 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationMultipotent stromal cells: One name, multiple identities
Soliman, H., Theret, M., Scott, W., Hill, L., Underhill, T. M., Hinz, B., & Rossi, F. M. V. (2021) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2021.09.001 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationFranco-Barraza, J., Francescone, R., Luong, T., Shah, N., Madhani, R., Cukierman, G., Dulaimi, E., Devarajan, K., Egleston, B. L., Nicolas, E., et al. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.20600 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Dolivo, D. M., Larson, S. A., & Dominko, T. (2017) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.08.013 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Zoppi, N., Chiarelli, N., Binetti, S., Ritelli, M., & Colombi, M. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Zoppi, N., Chiarelli, N., Ritelli, M., & Colombi, M. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19040982 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Basta, M. D., Petruk, S., Summer, R., Rosenbloom, J., Wermuth, P. J., Macarak, E., Levin, A. V., Mazo, A., & Walker, J. L. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106570 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hinz, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hinz, Boris
- ORCID
- Hinz, Boris
- Venue
- Experimental Eye Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 142
- Pages
- 56-70
- ISSN
- 0014-4835 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4211100931
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 373
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Eye Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#210820, #286920, #286720, #497202)
- Collaborative Health Research Programme (#1004005, #413783)
- Canada Foundation for Innovation and Ontario Research Fund (#26653)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Corneal Surgery and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Keywords
- myofibroblasts, myofibroblast activation, ocular fibrosis, wound healing, extracellular matrix repair, collagen secretion, scar formation, chronic inflammation, mechanical stress, myofibroblast origin
- MeSH terms
- Actins, Cell Differentiation, Collagen, Eye Injuries, Fibroblasts, Fibrosis, Humans, Wound Healing, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Myofibroblasts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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