Force-velocity profiling in older adults: An adequate tool for the management of functional trajectories with aging
Abstract
Introduction The actual mechanisms leading to a reduced muscle power and functional ability in older adults are poorly understood. We investigated the association between different force-velocity (F-V) profiles and impaired muscle power, physical and cognitive function, frailty, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. Methods Physical function (habitual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, sit-to-stand and stair-climbing ability), cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty were evaluated in 31 older subjects (70-85 years). The F-V relationship and maximal muscle power (P max) were assessed in the leg press exercise. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were obtained from DXA scans and accelerometry, respectively. Results While some subjects showed a force deficit (F DEF), others presented a velocity deficit (V DEF), both leading to an impaired muscle power [Effect size (ES) = 1.30-1.44], and to a likely-very likely moderate harmful effect in their physical and cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty levels (except the V DEF group for cognitive function) [ES = 0.76-1.05]. Leg muscle mass and specific force were similarly associated with force at P max, while MVPA but not sedentary time was related to fat index, force at P max, and power values (all p < 0.05). A trend was found for the negative association between fat index and relative P max (p = 0.075). Conclusion Older subjects exhibited different mechanisms (force vs. velocity deficits) leading to impaired muscle power. Both deficits were associated with a lower physical function and quality of life, and a higher frailty, whereas only a force deficit was associated with a lower cognitive function. Interventions aimed at reversing age- and/or disuse-related impairments of muscle power might evaluate the specific responsible mechanism and act accordingly.
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Functional trajectories are influenced by a loss in either force or velocity as people age.
“Functional trajectories are in fl uenced by a loss in either force or velocity as people age, 19,20 with movement velocity considered more essential in determining functional performance. 21,22”
From High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Alcazar, J., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Ara, I., Alfaro-Acha, A., Rodríguez-Gómez, I., Navarro-Cruz, R., Losa-Reyna, J., García-García, F. J., & Alegre, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Alegre, Luis M.
- Venue
- Experimental Gerontology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 108
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2789350900
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (DEP2015-69386-R)
- Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CB16/10/00477, CB16/10/00456)
- European Union
- Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU014/05106)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- force-velocity relationship, muscle power, older adults, force deficit, velocity deficit, frailty, physical function, cognitive function, health-related quality of life, leg press, skeletal muscle mass, fat index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sedentary time, aging
- MeSH terms
- Frailty, Healthy Aging, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Composition, Cognition, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Quality of Life, Geriatric Assessment, Muscle, Skeletal, Resistance Training, Accelerometry
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