Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in mature corn silage
Abstract
To investigate the exposure of livestock and farm workers to mycotoxins during the last months of silage use, the mycoflora and the mycotoxins in a mature silage (11-months-old) were studied. A multimycotoxin method was developed to evaluate the toxigenic in vitro ability of fungal strains. The screening of potentially toxigenic fungi isolated from the mature silage showed that six Fusaria (Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Fusarium verticillioides) and one Aspergillus (Aspergillus fumigatus) were able to produce mycotoxins on nutrient agar. Seven major mycotoxins (aflatoxin B(1), citrinin, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B(1), gliotoxin, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) were also searched in the corn silage by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Among the three mycotoxins (citrinin, gliotoxin and deoxynivalenol) detected in the silage, gliotoxin, a strongly immunosuppressive mycotoxin, occurred in the mature silage at level up to 877 ppb, which was associated with the presence of A. fumigatus in the silage.
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Silages are a matrix in which mould growth can occur even in the last days of shelf-life.
“Silages, however, are a matrix in which mould growth can occur, even in the last days of the shelf-life of silages (Richard et al. 2007).”
From Trends in designing microbial silage quality by biotechnological methods using lactic acid bacteria inoculants: a minireview. (2019) · cites this paper as Richard et al. 2007
Silages in Europe, Canada, and Australia can be contaminated with toxins produced by Penicillium (e.g., P. verrucosum) and Aspergillus (e.g., A. ochraceus, A. sulphureus), which can produce OTA and AFs.
“Silages in Europe, Canada and Australia can be contaminated with toxins produced by moulds of the genus Penicillium, e.g., P. verrucosum, and some Aspergillus species, e.g., A. ochraceus and A. sulphureus, which can produce ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFs; Richard et al. 2007).”
From Trends in designing microbial silage quality by biotechnological methods using lactic acid bacteria inoculants: a minireview. (2019) · cites this paper as Richard et al. 2007
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- Authors
- Richard, E., Heutte, N., Sage, L., Pottier, D., Bouchart, V., Lebailly, P., & Garon, D.
- Affiliations
- Centre François Baclesse (FR)
- Université Joseph Fourier (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Garon, D.
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2420-2425
- ISSN
- 0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977803117
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytase and its Applications
- Keywords
- mycotoxins, corn silage, Fusarium, Aspergillus fumigatus, gliotoxin, citrinin, deoxynivalenol, toxigenic fungi
- MeSH terms
- Aspergillus, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Zea mays, Food Microbiology, Fusarium, Humans, Mycotoxins, Mass Spectrometry
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