How do immune cells overcome the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis?

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2. Th1/Th2 Imbalance in Peripheral Blood Echoes Microglia State Dynamics in CNS During TLE Progression
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3. MiR-124 and MiR-155 as Therapeutic Targets in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
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4. Nanotherapeutic macrophage-based immunotherapy for the peritoneal carcinomatosis of lung cancer
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5. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 and 9 in the Pathogenesis of Acute Neuroinflammation. Implications for Disease Modifying Therapy
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6. Expression profile of cytokines and chemokines in a mouse high-altitude cerebral edema model
   Zibi Shi, Xiufang Jiang, Yana Geng, Xiangpei Yue, Jia-Yue Gao, Xiang Cheng, Ming Zhao, Ling-Ling Zhu · 2023 · International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
7. Brain astrocytes and microglia express functional MR1 molecules that present microbial antigens to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells
   Priya, Raj, Brutkiewicz, Randy R. · 2020 · Journal of Neuroimmunology
8. What Have Failed, Interrupted, and Withdrawn Antibody Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis Taught Us?
   Julia Krämer, Heinz Wiendl · 2022 · Neurotherapeutics
9. Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk
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10. A systemic mechanism of increased transendothelial migration of leukocytes through the blood-brain barrier in hepatic encephalopathy
    Augustin Schaefer, Martin Journaux, Haquima El Mourabit, Sarah Mouri, Dominique Wendum, Elisabeth Lasnier, Pierre‐Olivier Couraud, Chantal Housset, Dominique Thabut, Marika Rudler et al. · 2021 · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology
11. Multiple Roles of Peripheral Immune System in Modulating Ischemia/Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammation
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12. Failed, interrupted and inconclusive trials on relapsing multiple sclerosis treatment: update 2010–2015
    Steffen Pfeuffer, Tobias Ruck, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Heinz Wiendl, Sven Guenther Meuth · 2016 · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
13. Should mast cells be considered therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis?
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14. A20 regulates lymphocyte adhesion in murine neuroinflammation by restricting endothelial ICOSL expression in the CNS
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15. Characterization of mouse spinal cord vascular network by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray phase contrast tomography
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16. Interferons: A molecular switch between damage and repair in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease
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17. Neuronal ICAM-5 Plays a Neuroprotective Role in Progressive Neurodegeneration
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18. Checkpoints to the Brain: Directing Myeloid Cell Migration to the Central Nervous System
    Meredith Harrison‐Brown, Guo Jun Liu, Richard B. Banati · 2016 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
19. Non-pathogenic tissue-resident CD8+ T cells uniquely accumulate in the brains of lupus-prone mice
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20. A Logic Model of Neuronal-Glial Interaction Suggests Altered Homeostatic Regulation in the Perpetuation of Neuroinflammation
    Travis J. A. Craddock, Lindsay T. Michalovicz, Kimberly A. Kelly, Mark A. Rice, Diane Bemis Miller, Nancy G. Klimas, Mariana Morris, James Patrick O'Callaghan, Gordon Broderick · 2018 · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
21. Analysis of Melanoma Secretome for Factors That Directly Disrupt the Barrier Integrity of Brain Endothelial Cells
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22. Cladribine Alters Immune Cell Surface Molecules for Adhesion and Costimulation: Further Insights to the Mode of Action in Multiple Sclerosis
    Tobias Moser, Lena Hoepner, Kerstin Schwenker, Michael Seiberl, Julia Feige, Katja Akgün, Elisabeth Haschke‐Becher, Tjalf Ziemssen, Johann Sellner · 2021 · Cells
23. CLMP Promotes Leukocyte Migration Across Brain Barriers in Multiple Sclerosis
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24. Missing links in multiple sclerosis etiology. A working connecting hypothesis
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25. Genes differentially expressed by methylprednisolone in vivo in CD4 T lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients: potential biomarkers
    Clara de Andrés, Ma Isabel García, H Goicoechea, Ma. Luisa Martínez-Ginés, José Manuel García‐Domínguez, M L Martín, Fernando Romero-Delgado, Alberto Benguría, M Sanjurjo, Luis Andrés López-Fernández · 2016 · The Pharmacogenomics Journal
26. Mice as an Animal Model for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Research: Mouse Susceptibility, Infection Route, and Viral Pathogenesis
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27. γδ T cells as a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma
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28. Peripheral Inflammation and Demyelinating Diseases
    Verónica Murta, Carina Cintia Ferrari · 2016 · Advances in experimental medicine and biology
29. White Matter in Crisis: Oligodendrocytes and the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
    García-Domínguez, Mario · 2025 · Cells
30. Peripheral–central immune interactions in Parkinson’s disease: insights into innate and adaptive immunity
    Jarika Jahan Tumpa, Qurat Ul Ain Hayder, Nowshin Sharmily Maisa, Md. Nazmul Islam · 2025 · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
31. Immunopathogenesis and Cellular Interactions in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
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32. The Role of Neutrophils in Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke
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33. The ameliorative effects of capsidiol isolated from elicited Capsicum annuum on mouse splenocyte immune responses and neuroinflammation
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34. MCAM/CD146 Signaling via PLCγ1 Leads to Activation of β1-Integrins in Memory T-Cells Resulting in Increased Brain Infiltration
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35. Neuroinflammatory Regulation of Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated to Ethylene Dicysteine Diethyl Ester in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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36. A review of the mechanisms of blood–brain barrier disruption during COVID ‐19 infection
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37. The novel HS-mimetic, Tet-29, regulates immune cell trafficking across barriers of the CNS during inflammation
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38. Defining and Regulating Acute Inflammatory Lesion Formation during the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
    C. Bolton, Paul Smith · 2015 · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
39. Case Report: Reversible Neurotoxicity and a Clinical Response Induced by BCMA-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Against Multiple Myeloma With Central Nervous System Involvement
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40. Altered expression of the plasminogen activation pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis: possible pathomechanism of matrix metalloproteinase activation
    Mathew Cox, Nikola A. Bowden, Rodney John Scott, Jeannette Lechner‐Scott · 2013 · Multiple Sclerosis Journal
41. An In Vitro Model of the Blood-brain Barrier Using Impedance Spectroscopy: A Focus on T Cell-endothelial Cell Interaction
    Ivan Kuzmanov, Alexander M. Herrmann, Hans‐Joachim Galla, Sven Guenther Meuth, Heinz Wiendl, Luisa Klotz · 2016 · Journal of Visualized Experiments
42. Nogo receptor-Fc delivered by haematopoietic cells enhances neurorepair in a multiple sclerosis model
    Sining Ye, Paschalis Theotokis, Jae Young Lee, Min Joung Kim, Danica Nheu, Olivia Ellen, Thomas Bedford, Padmanabhan Ramanujam, David K. Wright, Stuart J. McDonald et al. · 2023 · Brain Communications
43. The function of astrocytes in cerebral infarction and potential therapeutic approaches
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44. Cladribine Reduces Trans-Endothelial Migration of Memory T Cells across an In Vitro Blood–Brain Barrier
    Rachel K. Ford, Pierre Juillard, Simon H Hawke, Georges E. Grau, Felix Marsh‐Wakefield · 2022 · Journal of Clinical Medicine
45. Auranofin Modulates Thioredoxin Reductase/Nrf2 Signaling in Peripheral Immune Cells and the CNS in a Mouse Model of Relapsing–Remitting EAE
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46. Translation of cell therapies to treat autoimmune disorders
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47. Multiple sclerosis: etiology in the context of neurovascular unit and immune system involvement and advancements with in vitro blood–brain barrier models
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48. Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Features, Pathophysiology, Neuroimaging, and Treatment Options
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49. Actin-Binding Protein Cortactin Promotes Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Supporting Leukocyte Infiltration into the Central Nervous System
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50. Platelets and platelet-derived vesicles as an innovative cellular and subcellular platform for managing multiple sclerosis
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51. Determination of specific IgE in pericardial and cerebrospinal fluids in forensic casework
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52. Inflammation and the role of infection: Complications and treatment options following neurotrauma
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53. The Blood–Brain Barrier in Neuroinflammation
    Fumitaka Shimizu, Takashi Kanda · 2013 · Advances in neurobiology
54. Combination of Probiotics and Natural Compounds to Treat Multiple Sclerosis via Warburg Effect
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55. Role of Proangiogenic Factors in Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.
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56. Protein translocation and retro-translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum are crucial to inflammatory effector CD4+ T cell function
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57. Characterization of migration parameters on peripheral and central nervous system T cells following treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with CRYAB.
    Adeola I. Oyebamiji, T. Finlay, R. Hough, Vahid Hoghooghi, Erin-Mai F. Lim, Connie H. Y. Wong, S. Ousman · 2013 · Journal of Neuroimmunology
58. BJ‐2266 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through down‐regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway
    Z. You, M. Timilshina, Byeong-Seon Jeong, Jae-Hoon Chang · 2017 · European Journal of Immunology
59. A Single Nucleotide ADA Genetic Variant Is Associated to Central Inflammation and Clinical Presentation in MS: Implications for Cladribine Treatment
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61. Bridging the Gap: The Neuro-immune Axis as a Key Player in Neurodegenerative Disorders
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62. Appearance of claudin-5+ leukocyte subtypes in the blood and CNS during progression of EAE
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63. Emerging concerns of blood-brain barrier dysfunction caused by neurotropic enteroviral infections
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68. Regulation of Interleukin-17 Production
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69. Gateway Reflex and Mechanotransduction
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70. Mechanisms of Blood–Brain Barrier Disintegration in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
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71. Theranostic Biomaterials for Regulation of the Blood–Brain Barrier
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72. Reibergram and Oligoclonal Bands in Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
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75. Placenta-Expanded Stromal Cell Therapy in a Rodent Model of Simulated Weightlessness
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80. Pharmacological Inhibition of Microglial Proliferation Supports Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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92. The Role of Forced and Voluntary Training on Accumulation of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule and Polysialic Acid in Muscle of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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94. Breakthroughs and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy in treating hematologic malignancies of the central nervous system
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95. Cellular Immunity and Multiple Sclerosis: Current Understanding
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96. RETRACTED: Physical activity and glioblastoma: a paradigm shift in neuro-oncology therapy
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97. Development of Central Nervous System Autoimmunity Is Impaired in the Absence of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein
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98. Effect of Carvacrol on histological analysis and expression of genes involved in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
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99. Serum netrin-1 in relation to gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in early multiple sclerosis
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100. Comunicación entre la periferia y el cerebro en enfermedades neurodegenerativas: influencia de las citocinas proinflamatorias y su relación con la COVID-19
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