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Molecular basis of bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol and florfenicol
Open accessAbstract
Chloramphenicol (Cm) and its fluorinated derivative florfenicol (Ff) represent highly potent inhibitors of bacterial protein biosynthesis. As a consequence of the use of Cm in human and veterinary medicine, bacterial pathogens of various species and genera have developed and/or acquired Cm resistance. Ff is solely used in veterinary medicine and has been introduced into clinical use in the mid-1990s. Of the Cm resistance genes known to date, only a small number also mediates resistance to Ff. In this review, we present an overview of the different mechanisms responsible for resistance to Cm and Ff with particular focus on the two different types of chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (CATs), specific exporters and multidrug transporters. Phylogenetic trees of the different CAT proteins and exporter proteins were constructed on the basis of a multisequence alignment. Moreover, information is provided on the mobile genetic elements carrying Cm or Cm/Ff resistance genes to provide a basis for the understanding of the distribution and the spread of Cm resistance--even in the absence of a selective pressure imposed by the use of Cm or Ff.
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Cites
A Genomic View of the Human- Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Symbiosis
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“Newport, indicating the horizontal transfer potential of SGI1 [146–150].”
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Cited by
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
Munita, J. M., & Arias, C. A. (2016) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.vmbf-0016-2015 · Cited by 2,782
Molecular Mechanisms of Antibacterial Multidrug Resistance
Alekshun, M. N., & Levy, S. B. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.004 · Cited by 1,647
Efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance
Poole, K. (2005) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dki171 · Cited by 1,082
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: Enzymatic degradation and modification
WRIGHT, G. (2005) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2005.04.002 · Cited by 897
Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment
Shaikh, S., Fatima, J., Shakil, S., Rizvi, S. M. D., & Kamal, M. A. (2015) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.08.002 · Cited by 758
Metadata
- Authors
- Schwarz, S., Kehrenberg, C., Doublet, B., & Cloeckaert, A.
- Venue
- FEMS Microbiology Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 519-542
- ISSN
- 0168-6445 (ISSN-L)
- 1574-6976
- OpenAlex
- W2098318339
- Cited by
- 800
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 5.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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