The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Isolation and characterisation of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from the algae protein waste
Abstract
A hendeca-peptide with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was isolated from the pepsin hydrolysate of algae protein waste, a mass-produced industrial by-product of an algae essence from microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. Edman degradation revealed its amino acid sequence to be Val-Glu-Cys-Tyr-Gly-Pro-Asn-Arg-Pro-Gln-Phe. Inhibitory kinetics revealed a non-competitive binding mode with IC₅₀ value against ACE of 29.6μM, suggesting a potent amount of ACE inhibitory activity compared with other peptides from the microalgae protein hydrolysates which have a reported range between 11.4 and 315.3μM. In addition, the purified hendeca-peptide completely retained its ACE inhibitory activity at a pH range of 2-10, temperatures of 40-100°C, as well as after treatments in vitro by a gastrointestinal enzyme, thus indicating its heat- and pH-stability. The combination of the biochemical properties of this isolated hendeca-peptide and a cheap algae protein resource make an attractive alternative for producing a high value product for blood pressure regulation as well as water and fluid balance.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Blood pressure regulation primarily involves the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), where the enzymes renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE play central roles [44].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Peptides such as VECYGPNRPQF from Chlorella vulgaris [44] and tripeptides like Trp-Val and Val-Trp from Chlorella sorokiniana [62] exhibit potent ACE inhibition.”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is then transformed by ACE into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure.”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
Citations
Cites
Spectrophotometric assay and properties of the angiotensin-converting enzyme of rabbit lung
Cushman, D. W., & Cheung, H. S. (1971) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(71)90292-9 · Cited by 2,633
Antioxidant Activity of Proteins and Peptides
Elias, R. J., Kellerby, S. S., & Decker, E. A. (2008) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408390701425615 · Cited by 1,389
[32] GOR method for predicting protein secondary structure from amino acid sequence
Garnier, J., Gibrat, J.-F., & Robson, B. (1996) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(96)66034-0 · Cited by 1,291
Cheung, H. S., Wang, F. L., Ondetti, M. A., Sabo, E. F., & Cushman, D. W. (1980) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86187-2 · Cited by 746
Li, G., Le, G., Shi, Y., & Shrestha, S. (2004) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2003.10.014 · Cited by 562
Iroyukifujita, H., Eiichiyokoyama, K., & Yoshikawa, M. (2000) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb16049.x · Cited by 550
Enzymes of the Renin-Angiotensin System and their Inhibitors
Ondetti, M. A., & Cushman, D. W. (1982) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.51.070182.001435 · Cited by 467
Qian, Z., Jung, W., & Kim, S. (2007) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.005 · Cited by 412
Wu, J., & Ding, X. (2002) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(01)00131-4 · Cited by 344
Jung, W., Mendis, E., Je, J., Park, P., Son, B. W., Kim, H. C., Choi, Y., & Kim, S. (2005) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.048 · Cited by 304
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–278 of 278
Chen, P., Ren, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Shi, H., Chen, Z., & Wang, L. (2022) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-022-04015-w · Cited by 9
da Silva, A. C., Queiroz, A. E. S. D. F., Oliveira, J. T. C., de Medeiros, É. V., de Souza‐Motta, C. M., & Moreira, K. A. (2019) · Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology · doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2019180062 · Cited by 9
Microalgae as Nutraceutical for Achieving Sustainable Food Solution in Future
Kaur, P. (2020) · Environmental and microbial biotechnology · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2817-0_5 · Cited by 11
Wu, S., Feng, X., Lu, Y., Lu, Y., Liu, S., & Tian, Y. (2017) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-017-2475-5 · Cited by 9
The Role of Algae in Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Production
Gautam, S., & Mannan, M. A.-U. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1394-7_24 · Cited by 9
Unlocking Casein Bioactivity: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Molecular Strategies for Peptide Release
Huang, C., & Cheng, L. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178119 · Cited by 9
Li, Y., Shu, T., Wang, K., Yuan, Z., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13084654 · Cited by 8
Mining for Novel Umami Peptides from Sea Cucumber Viscera Hydrolysate with ACE Inhibitory Activity
Liang, Q., Zhong, Y., Ren, X., Liang, Z., Zhu, C., Wang, L., & Mou, H. (2025) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c04439 · Cited by 7
Turalić, A., Hegedüs, Z., Fabio Altieri, F., Martinek, T. A., & Đeđibegović, J. (2025) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-025-04833-8 · Cited by 7
Conventional purification and isolation
Bertin, L., Frascari, D., Domı́nguez, H., Falqué, E., Rodriguez, F. A. R., & Álvarez‐Blanco, S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800351-0.00007-9 · Cited by 7
Hayes, M., García‐García, M., Fitzgerald, C., & Lafarga, T. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118733103.ch27 · Cited by 7
Karkala, S., D’Souza, L., & Nivas, S. K. (2021) · Applied Phycology · doi:10.1080/26388081.2021.1964379 · Cited by 6
Novel Applications of Protein By-products in Biomedicine
García, M. C., Orellana, J. M., & Marina, M. L. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802391-4.00011-2 · Cited by 6
Zent, İ., Göksu, A. G., Çakır, B., & Gülseren, İ. (2020) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-020-00666-z · Cited by 6
Functional Properties of Nori Seaweed (Pyropia yezoensis) with Different Quality andUlvasp.
Kurakake, M., Itakura, K., & Nakano, M. (2021) · Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology · doi:10.1080/10498850.2020.1868642 · Cited by 6
Park, S. Y., Je, J., Kang, N., Han, E. J., Um, J. H., Jeon, Y., Ahn, G., & Ahn, C. (2016) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-016-2785-y · Cited by 6
Gülseren, İ., & Çakır, B. (2019) · GIDA / THE JOURNAL OF FOOD · doi:10.15237/gida.gd18125 · Cited by 6
Biological Activities of Marine Bioactive Peptides
Ngo, D., Vo, T., & Kim, S. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118375082.ch26 · Cited by 6
Wang, Q., Li, S., Zhong, Y., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, H., Cheng, J., Huang, Y., Cai, X., & Liu, H. (2019) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2019.101701 · Cited by 5
Marine-Derived Pharmaceuticals and Future Prospects
Jeon, Y., Samarakoon, K. W., & Elvitigala, D. A. S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_41 · Cited by 5
Enzyme‐Assisted Extraction to Prepare Bioactive Peptides from Microalgae
Lakmal, H. H. C., Samarakoon, K. W., & Jeon, Y. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527679577.ch18 · Cited by 5
Algal Proteins and Peptides: Current Trends and Future Prospects
Ganesan, A. R., Munisamy, S., Bhat, R., Seedevi, P., Mohan, K., & Matsukawa, S. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119542650.ch14 · Cited by 5
Khaliq, M., Noor, Z., Moazzam, M., Saeed, F., Tul-Zohra, K., Tariq, E., Muhammad Shahbaz, H., & Khaliq, K. (2026) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2026.2637282 · Cited by 4
“Blood pressure regulation primarily involves the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), where the enzymes renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE play central roles [44].”
Yucetepe, A. (2021) · Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81557-8_9 · Cited by 4
Windarto, S., Lee, M., Nursyam, H., & Hsu, J. (2024) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103452 · Cited by 5
Food Proteins and Bioactive Peptides
Hayes, M. (2018) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-864-0 · Cited by 4
D’Auria, G., Nitride, C., & Ferranti, P. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823960-5.00024-x · Cited by 4
Properties of casein hydrolysate as affected by plastein reaction in ethanol-water medium
Zhang, Y., & Zhao, X. (2013) · Czech Journal of Food Sciences · doi:10.17221/480/2012-cjfs · Cited by 4
Culețu, A., Kreische, M., Schweikert, T., Henze, A., & Sagu, S. T. (2026) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.148081 · Cited by 3
Valorisation of Seaweed Waste from Agar Processing Industry
Elavarasan, K. (2023) · Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography · doi:10.31031/eimbo.2023.05.000614 · Cited by 3
Choi, J., Kim, J., Chun, B. S., Ahn, D. H., Kim, G. H., & Lee, J.-W. (2011) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00434.x · Cited by 3
Safitri, N. M., & Hsu, J. (2025) · Marine Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10126-025-10437-w · Cited by 3
Preparation of Useful Components from Marine Algal Processing By-products and Their Applications
Samarakoon, K. W., Lakmal, H. H. C., & Jeon, Y. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9590-1_26 · Cited by 3
Industry Perspectives and Commercial Trends for Food Proteins and Biopeptides
Kim, S., & Wijesekara, I. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11768-17 · Cited by 3
Recovery of Proteins and their Biofunctionalities from Marine Algae
Jeon, Y., & Samarakoon, K. W. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118375082.ch12 · Cited by 3
Chhaniyara, R. K., & Gamit, D. A. (2024) · Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/amhs.amhs_122_23 · Cited by 2
Microalgal Derivatives as Potential Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical: Boon to Human Beings
Namrata, D., Bajhaiya, A. K., Chandrashaker, B., & Gugulothu, P. (2024) · Archives of Biotechnology and Biomedicine · doi:10.29328/journal.abb.1001040 · Cited by 2
Bioactive Compounds Extraction from Microalgae by Biotechnological Processes
Ambriz-Pérez, D. L., Luna-Avelar, K. D., Gárate-Osuna, A. D. J., Betancourt‐Lozano, M., & Santos-Ballardo, D. U. (2025) · Interdisciplinary biotechnological advances · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-1253-6_5 · Cited by 2
Kim, J. M., & Yoon, K. Y. (2021) · Korean Journal of Food Preservation · doi:10.11002/kjfp.2021.28.5.569 · Cited by 2
Effect of Liposome-Encapsulated Chlorella Extract on Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Takahashi, M., Shimada, H., Kitamoto, D., Takara, K., & Wada, K. (2009) · NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI · doi:10.3136/nskkk.56.573 · Cited by 2
Kuo, C. M., Chang, Y. B., Lin, T., & Yang, Y. (2017) · IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.9790/264x-03018288 · Cited by 2
Health Effects of Antioxidative and Antihypertensive Peptides from Marine Resources
Jensen, I., Eilertsen, K., Mæhre, H. K., Elvevoll, E. O., & Larsen, R. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118375082.ch14 · Cited by 2
Adjé, E. Y. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e5fe7486zc772z461czb8cfzfc047c78a6f7 · Cited by 2
Plants as a valuable source of bioactive peptides
Wang, J., & Liang, Y. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-16017-2.00006-1 · Cited by 1
Ong, Y.-Y., Yap, P., & Gan, C. (2025) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2025.108190 · Cited by 1
Terzioğlu, M. E., EDEBALİ, E., & Bakırcı, İ. (2025) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-025-03931-1 · Cited by 1
Marine microbial products as nutraceuticals
Duarte, R., Romero-Benavides, J. C., Millán, C., Bailón-Moscoso, N., & Rojas-Le-Fort, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-43836-3.00006-9 · Cited by 1
Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive effects of peptides from some Quercus species
Çağlar, M. Y., & Arıcı, M. (2023) · TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY · doi:10.55730/1300-011x.3078 · Cited by 1
Microalgae protein derived from Chlorella vulgaris using subcritical water treatment
Pa’ee, K. F., Jalin, N. D. A., Lam, M. K., Sabri, M. Z., Abd-Talib, N., & Len, K. Y. T. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0195656 · Cited by 1
Novel Marine-Derived Natural Products for the Treatment of Depressive Disorder
Kamala, K., Sivaperumal, P., Dharani, G., Ramachandran, S., & Ganapathy, D. (2022) · Nutritional neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8158-5_13 · Cited by 1
Fitzgerald, C. (2014) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1
Potential Novel Therapeutics: Some Biological Aspects of Marine‐derived Bioactive Peptides
Liyanage, R., Jayawardana, B. C., & Kodithuwakku, S. P. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118375082.ch15 · Cited by 1
Discovery of Novel Compounds of Pharmaceutical Significance Derived from Algae
Adetunji, C. O., Akram, M., Khan, F. S., Olaniyan, O. T., Adetuyi, B. O., Inobeme, A., Bodunrinde, R. E., Adetunji, J. B., Ozolua, P. O., Wike, N. Y., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119857860.ch28 · Cited by 1
Wilson, J. (2011) · Research@THEA
Pharmacological Effects of Marine-Derived Bioactive Peptides
Kim, S., Ngo, D.-H., Vo, T., & Ngo, D. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13868-10
Abdulazeez, M. A., Aminu, H., Ndanusa, S., & Uba, A. İ. (2016) · Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature · doi:10.1080/22311866.2016.1232625
Yücetepe, A., Kasapoğlu, K. N., & Özçelik, B. (2018) · NWSA Academic Journals · doi:10.12739/nwsa.2018.13.3.5a0104
Heterotrophic Microalgae Cultivation Using Jellyfish Protein Extract to Produce Bioactive Peptides
Aburai, N., Oe, J., & Abe, K. (2020) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-020-01261-5
Enzyme Inhibitor from Marine Organisms
Tischler, D. (2020) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03943-784-9
Ramli, N. S. (2021) · Universiti Sains Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Sains Malaysia)
Conventional purification and isolation
Bertin, L., Frascari, D., Domı́nguez, H., Falqué, E., Moure, A., Díaz-Reinoso, B., Rodriguez, F. A. R., & Álvarez‐Blanco, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820563-1.00019-6
Impact of Bioactive Peptides on Human Health
Majumder, K. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-621-9
Genetic engineering of algae material
Shailaja, V. L., John, C. M., & Kalaivani, M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18816-9.00012-5
Bioactive Compounds Derived from Microalgae Showing Diverse Medicinal Activities
Tiwari, D., Mishra, P., & Gupta, N. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119857860.ch3 · Cited by 3
Discovery of Novel Compounds of Pharmaceutical Significance Derived from Algae
Adetunji, C. O., Akram, M., Khan, F. S., Olaniyan, O. T., Adetuyi, B. O., Inobeme, A., Bodunrinde, R. E., Adetunji, J. B., Ozolua, P. O., Wike, N. Y., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119857860.ch13
Functional proteins and peptides from microalgae
Silva, S. C., Colla, E., Dias, M. M., & Barreiro, M. F. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22080-7.00023-5
Microalgae as Biofactories: Metabolites, Bioproducts, and Industrial Biotechnology Applications
Rahaman, T., Samanta, S., Seth, A., Debnath, B., & Das, S. (2025) · Current Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/0122115501408500251019130934
Rodhi, A. M., Yap, P., & Gan, C. (2025) · Peptide Science · doi:10.1002/pep2.70013
Marine Shellfish Peptides and Hypertension
Du, M., Cheng, S., Li, P., & Fu, B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-3937-6_6
Development of Chlorella Protein–Encapsulated Krill‐Oil Emulsion for Enhanced Applications
Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Li, J., Liu, B., Zhan, H., & Liu, X. (2025) · European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/ejlt.70089 · Cited by 1
Bioactivités de cryptides marins : quels potentiels pour la santé humaine ?
Henda, Y. B. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/55cd577az0c84z4694z9956z22b6ffd4f8ab
Terzioğlu, M. E. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app162010303
Metadata
- Authors
- Sheih, I.-C., Fang, T. J., & Wu, T.-K.
- Affiliations
- National Chung Hsing University (TW)
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Tung-Kung
- Venue
- Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 279-284
- ISSN
- 0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075270505
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Earth Sciences
- National Science Council
- Novo Nordisk
- Ministry of Education, India
- National Chiao Tung University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Keywords
- angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides, Chlorella vulgaris, pepsin hydrolysate, non-competitive inhibition, peptide stability, blood pressure regulation, bioactive peptides
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
