Bioactive potential of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
Abstract
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is the most well-known and commonly cultivated fruit from the Chenopodiaceae family. Beetroot is a rich source of nutrients including vitamins (B complex and C), minerals, fibre, proteins, and a variety of bioactive phenolic substances, which are chiefly composed of betalains, and other components possessing antioxidant activity, such as coumarins, carotenoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenes, and flavonoids (astragalin, tiliroside, rhamnocitrin, kaempferol, rhamnetin). Beetroot and its value-added products provide a variety of health advantages and may help prevent and manage various ailments and diseases due to bioactive components. Beetroot's phytochemical diversity makes them potential sources of nutraceutical chemicals that can be used to build functional foods. Pharmacologically, beetroot has the potential to be an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancerous, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-inflammatory agent. In a comprehensive analysis, this review first provides an overview of the bioactive compounds present in beetroot and its parts, followed by a specific description of the current evidence on this bioactive potential of beetroot and its parts, highlighting the biochemical mechanisms involved. Additionally, the factors affecting the concentration and activity of the beetroot bioactives and the best possible method to conserve its bioactivity has also been discussed in this review.
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Beetroot is a source of vitamins (C and folate), minerals (iron, potassium and magnesium) and dietary fibre, as well as betaine, which contributes to homocysteine metabolism and cardiometabolic regulation.
“Additionally, beetroot is a source of vitamins (C and folate), minerals (iron, potassium and magnesium) and dietary fibre, as well as betaine, which contributes to homocysteine metabolism and cardiometabolic regulation [100].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [100]
The synergistic interaction between nitrate and other bioactive compounds, such as betalains and polyphenols, further enhances redox balance and anti-inflammatory responses.
“The synergistic interaction between nitrate and other bioactive compounds, such as betalains and polyphenols, further enhances redox balance and anti-inflammatory responses [77,100,102].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [100]
Fermentation may further increase the stability and bioavailability of phytochemicals.
“Fermentation may further increase the stability and bioavailability of phytochemicals [100]”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [100]
Beetroot is used as a natural colourant (E162) and a nutraceutical ingredient.
“Beetroot is also used as a natural colourant (E162) and a nutraceutical ingredient [96,100].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [100]
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Red Beetroot Betalains: Perspectives on Extraction, Processing, and Potential Health Benefits
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Karimzadeh, L., Behrouz, V., Sohrab, G., Hedayati, M., & Emami, G. (2022) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.16365 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Punia Bangar, S., Sharma, N., Sanwal, N., Lorenzo, J. M., & Sahu, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IN)
- Venue
- Food Research International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-08
- Volume
- 158
- Pages
- 111556
- ISSN
- 0963-9969 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4283389208
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Research International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Botanical Research and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food Science and Nutritional Studies
- Keywords
- beetroot, Beta vulgaris, bioactive compounds, betalains, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, coumarins, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, hypocholesterolemic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, nutraceuticals, functional foods, phytochemicals
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Vegetables, Beta vulgaris, Betalains, Phytochemicals
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