A randomized clinical trial of beetroot juice consumption on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are both major underlying factors for the initiation and progression of diabetes, as well as for the development of long‐term diabetes‐related consequences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of beetroot juice (BJ) consumption on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM. In this trial, 52 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either the concentrated BJ or the control group. The BJ group received 12 ml concentrated BJ twice daily, whereas the control group received no intervention. At the baseline and the end of week 12, plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) were measured. Compared with the control group, BJ reduced IL‐6 (−0.1 vs. 0.83, P = 0.001), TNF‐α (−1.28 vs. 5.51, P = 0.001), and NF‐κB (−0.03 vs. 0.36, P = 0.005) after 12‐week intervention; plasma concentration of MDA and hs‐CRP did not change between groups after intervention. Intra‐group comparison disclosed that daily BJ consumption could not change oxidative stress and inflammatory markers except for TNF‐α (−1.28 ± 2.31, P = 0.026) compared with the baseline. However, the concentrations of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and NF‐κB increased significantly in the control group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (19.5%, P = 0.001; 120%, P = 0.001; and 69%, P = 0.021, respectively). In conclusion, our study indicates that daily consumption of BJ reduces the concentrations of some inflammatory markers, including IL‐6, TNF‐α, and NF‐κB, which are involved in the pathogenesis of complications of T2DM. Practical Application: Beetroot juice concentrate contains nutrients such as antioxidants that can improve the health status of people with type 2 diabetes.
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Higher nitrate and nitrite consumption is linked to lower HbA1c, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers, and increased circulating NO levels.
“Higher nitrate and nitrite consumption has been linked to lower HbA1c, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers, as well as increased circulating NO levels [211].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [211]
Observational studies suggest higher intake of dietary nitrates, primarily from plant sources, is associated with improved cardiometabolic profiles.
“Observational studies suggest that a higher intake of dietary nitrates, primarily from plant sources, is associated with improved cardiometabolic profiles.”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [211]
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- Authors
- Karimzadeh, L., Behrouz, V., Sohrab, G., Hedayati, M., & Emami, G.
- Affiliations
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (IR)
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences (IR)
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Behrouz, Vahideh
- Sohrab, Golbon
- Venue
- Journal of Food Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-11-07
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5430-5441
- ISSN
- 0022-1147 (ISSN-L)
- 1750-3841
- OpenAlex
- W4308369674
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Food Science (publishedVersion)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Botanical Research and Applications
- Keywords
- beetroot juice, type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, interleukin-6, TNF-α, nuclear factor-kappaB, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, dietary antioxidants, diabetes complications
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, C-Reactive Protein, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Inflammation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, NF-kappa B, Oxidative Stress
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