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Meaningful change in measures of gait variability in older adults
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Gait variability is an important indicator of impaired mobility in older adults; however, little is known about the meaning of change in gait variability over time. This study estimated clinically meaningful change in measures of gait variability using both distribution- and anchor-based approaches.Design Community-based observational cohort study.Setting Bronx County and the research center at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.Participants Of 1148 participants in the Einstein Aging Study, 241 had quantitative gait assessments in two consecutive years between 2001 and 2005.Measurements Gait variables were collected using a 12-foot instrumented walkway as participants walked at their normal walking speed. Gait variability was defined as the within-person standard deviation (SD) across steps in two 12-foot walks. Distribution-based meaningful change estimates used Cohen's effect size (0.2 for small and 0.5 for moderate effects). Anchor-based estimates were obtained using dichotomous and ordinal self-reported walking ability ratings as anchors.Results Distribution-based estimates for small and substantial changes of variability measures were: stance time 0.005 and 0.014 s; swing time 0.003 and 0.009 s; step length 0.24 and 0.61 cm; and step width 0.03 and 0.08 cm. Among those reporting no change in walking ability, measures of gait variability were stable over 1 year. Among those reporting a decline in walking, stance time and swing time variability increased. Among those reporting an improvement in walking, only step length variability improved.Conclusion Preliminary criteria for meaningful change are 0.01 s for stance time and swing time variability and 0.25 cm for step length variability. These estimates may identify important changes over time in both clinical settings and research studies.
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Changes of 0.05 m/s are reported to represent clinically significant changes.
“However, changes of 0.05 m/s are reported to represent clinically significant changes.53”
From A pilot study of senolytics to improve cognition and mobility in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
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“53 Interestingly, we saw a non-signi fi cant reduction in dual task cost of stride length and gait speed ( i.e., less shortening of stride length and less slowing of gait speed while performing a serial subtraction task), which suggests that executive control of gait was improved.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Brach, J. S., Perera, S., Studenski, S., Katz, M., Hall, C., & Verghese, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brach, Jennifer S.
- Venue
- Gait & Posture
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 175-179
- ISSN
- 0966-6362 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2818277
- OpenAlex
- W2153210735
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 22.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Gait & Posture (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag025119-05)
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG025119, AG03949, K23AG026766, P01AG003949, P30AG024827)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Gait Recognition and Analysis
- Keywords
- gait variability, meaningful change, older adults, mobility impairment, stance time, swing time, step length, step width, walking ability, Einstein Aging Study
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Gait, Health Status, Humans, Male, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Comorbidity, Mobility Limitation
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