The use of cluster analysis to identify different burnout profiles among nurses and care assistants for older adults
Open accessAbstract
The twofold purpose of this study was to identify specific burnout patterns among nurses and care assistants for older people, and to determine whether these profiles differ according to socioprofessional variables. A sample of 279 healthcare professionals completed an online survey comprising the Maslach Burnout Inventory and socioprofessional items. Cluster analysis identified five profiles on a burnout-engagement continuum. Participants with the Engaged profile had low scores on all three burnout dimensions (p < .001), while those with the Burnout profile had high scores on all three dimensions (p < .001). Three intermediate profiles were described. The Disconnected profile was characterized by higher depersonalization (p < .001), the Overextended profile by high emotion exhaustion (p < .001), and the Ineffective profile by low personal accomplishment (p < .001). Less experienced professional caregivers were more prone to burnout in terms of depersonalization (p < .01), while more experienced professional caregivers tended to have an ineffective burnout profile (p < .01). Identifying profiles of burnout symptoms can help to develop personalized interventions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Nurses' burnout is influenced by various factors, such as their demographic and job-related characteristics.
“Nurses’ burnout is influenced by various factors, such as their demographic and job-related characteristics [20-22].”
From Development of an artificial intelligence-based tailored mobile intervention for nurse burnout: single-arm trial (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Cites
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 · Cited by 12,852 · see citing works
Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20311 · Cited by 4,200 · see citing works
A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123 · Cited by 3,262 · see citing works
Everitt, B. J., Landau, S., Leese, M., & Stahl, D. R. (2011) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470977811 · Cited by 2,926 · see citing works
Early predictors of job burnout and engagement.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.498 · Cited by 2,397 · see citing works
Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review.
Dall’Ora, C., Ball, J., Reinius, M., & Griffiths, P. (2020) · Human Resources for Health · doi:10.1186/s12960-020-00469-9 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
Nurse turnover: the mediating role of burnout
LEITER, M. P., & MASLACH, C. (2009) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.01004.x · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Burnout prevention: A review of intervention programs
Awa, W. L., Plaumann, M., & Walter, U. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.04.008 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2016) · Burnout Research · doi:10.1016/j.burn.2016.09.001 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Burnout As A Developmental Process: Consideration Of Models
Leiter, M. P. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315227979-18 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Professional burnout: recent developments in theory and research
Wright, B. (1997) · Accident and Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/s0965-2302(97)90071-0 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Heerwegh, D., & Loosveldt, G. (2008) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfn045 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Work engagement in professional nursing practice: A systematic review
Keyko, K., Cummings, G. G., Yonge, O. J., & Wong, C. A. (2016) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.06.003 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
What have we learned about burnout and health?
Maslach, C. (2001) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440108405530 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Stress, Social Support, and Burnout Among Long-Term Care Nursing Staff
Woodhead, E. L., Northrop, L., & Edelstein, B. A. (2014) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464814542465 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue in nursing: A concept analysis
Peters, E. F. (2018) · Nursing Forum · doi:10.1111/nuf.12274 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Workload and burnout in nurses
Greenglass, E. R., Burke, R. J., & Fiksenbaum, L. (2001) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.614 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Stress, coping and burn-out in nursing students
Gibbons, C. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.015 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Marquand, A. F., Wolfers, T., Mennes, M., Buitelaar, J. K., & Beckmann, C. F. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.04.002 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Systematic Review of Mindfulness Practice for Reducing Job Burnout
Luken, M., & Sammons, A. (2016) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2016.016956 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Validation de la traduction de l'Inventaire d'épuisement professionnel de Maslach et Jackson.
Dion, G., & Tessier, R. (1994) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/0008-400x.26.2.210 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Rudman, A., & Gustavsson, J. P. (2011) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.07.012 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Schaufeli, W. B., & van Dierendonck, D. (1995) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3c.1083 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Burnout and compassion fatigue among hospice caregivers
Keidel, G. C. (2002) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/104990910201900312 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Levels of Burnout and Risk Factors in Medical Area Nurses: A Meta-Analytic Study
Molina-Praena, J., Ramírez‐Baena, L., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Cañadas, G. R., la Fuente, E. I. D., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15122800 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The person-oriented approach to burnout: A systematic review
Mäkikangas, A., & Kinnunen, U. M. (2015) · Burnout Research · doi:10.1016/j.burn.2015.12.002 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Coping Strategies on Reducing Nurse Burnout
Lee, H., Kuo, C., Chien, T., & Wang, Y.-R. (2016) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2016.01.001 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Harrad, R., & Sulla, F. (2018) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v89i7-s.7830 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
A Typology of Burnout in Professional Counselors
Lee, S. M., Cho, S., Kissinger, D. B., & Ogle, N. T. (2010) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00001.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Academic burnout profiles in Korean adolescents
Lee, J., Puig, A., Kim, Y., Shin, H., Lee, M., & Lee, S. M. (2010) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1312 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Toward a process model of burnout: Results from a secondary analysis
van Dierendonck, D., Schaufeli, W. B., & Buunk, B. P. (2001) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320042000025 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Demerouti, E., Verbeke, W. J. M. I., & Bakker, A. B. (2005) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206304271602 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Interventions on reducing burnout in physicians and nurses: A systematic review
Aryankhesal, A., Mohammadibakhsh, R., Hamidi, Y., Alidoost, S., Behzadifar, M., Sohrabi, R., & Farhadi, Z. (2019) · Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran · doi:10.47176/mjiri.33.77 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement
Tate, R., Perdices, M., Rosenkoetter, U., Shadish, W., Vohra, S., Barlow, D., Horner, R., Kazdin, A., Kratochwill, T., McDonald, S., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2016.704002 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Burnout risk profiles among French psychologists
Berjot, S., Altıntaş, E., Grebot, E., & Lesage, F. (2017) · Burnout Research · doi:10.1016/j.burn.2017.10.001 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Caring for people with dementia in the acute setting: a study of nurses’ views
Nolan, L. (2007) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2007.16.7.23245 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue among nurses working with older adults
Kolthoff, K. L., & Hickman, S. E. (2016) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2016.08.003 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Narumoto, J., Nakamura, K., Kitabayashi, Y., Shibata, K., Nakamae, T., & Fukui, K. (2008) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01751.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
A typology of burnout types among police managers
Loo, R. (2004) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13639510410536797 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Examination of developmental models of occupational burnout using burnout profiles of nurses
Önder, Ç., & Basim, H. N. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04818.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Kubicek, B., Korunka, C., & Ulferts, H. (2012) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Adıbelli, D., & Kılıç, D. (2012) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2012.04.002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Costello, H., Cooper, C., Marston, L., & Livingston, G. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afz118 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Haj, M. E., Allain, P., Annweiler, C., Boutoleau‐Bretonnière, C., Chapelet, G., Gallouj, K., Kapogiannis, D., Roche, J., & Boudoukha, A. H. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201029 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Burnout in the field of geriatric medicine: Review of the literature
Sanchez, S., Mahmoudi, R., Moronne, I., Camonin, D., & Novella, J. (2015) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2014.04.014 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Neuberg, M., Železnik, D., Meštrović, T., Ribić, R., & Kozina, G. (2017) · Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology · doi:10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2982 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Individual and environmental determinants of burnout among nurses
Rees, C. S., Eley, R. M., Osseiran‐Moisson, R., Francis, K. L., Cusack, L., Heritage, B., & Hegney, D. G. (2019) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1177/1355819619840373 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Nursing management challenges: Effect of quality of work life on depersonalization
Permarupan, P. Y., Mamun, A. A., Hayat, N., Saufi, R. A., & Samy, N. K. (2020) · International Journal of Healthcare Management · doi:10.1080/20479700.2020.1728924 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Schmidt, S. G., Dichter, M., Bartholomeyczik, S., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2013) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2013.09.006 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A Typology of Burnout Among Korean Teachers
Jin, Y., Noh, H., Shin, H., & Lee, S. M. (2014) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-014-0181-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Burnout: Absence of binding diagnostic criteria hampers prevalence estimates
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, É. (2014) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.12.008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
How Much is Geriatric Caregivers Burnout Caring-Specific? Questions from a Questionnaire Survey
Cocco, E. (2010) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901006010066 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Who are and are not the burnout moms? A cluster analysis study of French-speaking mothers
Lebert-Charron, A., Dorard, G., Wendland, J., & Boujut, É. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100091 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT OF GERIATRIC NURSES CARING FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA
Μαντζώρου, Μ., & Koukia, E. (2018) · Perioperative Nursing - Quarterly scientific, online official journal of G.O.R.N.A · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Burnout des soignants en gériatrie : prévalence et déterminants dans 185 établissements français
Zawieja, P. P., & Benattar, L. (2019) · NPG. Neurologie, psychiatrie, gériatrie/NPG · doi:10.1016/j.npg.2019.06.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 56 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A self-learning iterative weighted possibilistic fuzzy c-means clustering via adaptive fusion
Wu, C., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118280 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cho, A., Cha, C., & Baek, G. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/54029 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ślusarz, R., Ćwiękała-Lewis, K., Wysokiński, M., Filipska, K., Fidecki, W., & Biercewicz, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192113775 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
From cause and effect to causes and effects
Sturmberg, J. P., & Marcum, J. A. (2023) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.13814 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Analyzing Latent Burnout Profiles in a Sample of Spanish Nursing and Psychology Undergraduates
Aguayo‐Estremera, R., Membrive‐Jiménez, M. J., Albendín‐García, L., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Romero‐Béjar, J. L., Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L., & Cañadas, G. R. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12040438 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Duan, Y., Song, Y., Thorne, T. E., Iaconi, A., Norton, P., & Estabrooks, C. A. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11081145 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cao, Y., Wu, Q., Shi, L., Gao, Y., Chappell, K., & Shao, J. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12222201 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ramos‐Vidal, I., & Ruíz, É. (2023) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.692 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wang, J., Dong, Y. H., & Liu, J. (2023) · Digital Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2023.104258 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, J., & Dong, Y. H. (2024) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108282 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Burnout profiles among French healthcare professionals caring for young cancer patients
Ridremont, D., Boujut, É., & Dugas, É. (2024) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-023-08291-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kusumastutie, N. S., Patria, B., Kusrohmaniah, S., & Hastjarjo, T. D. (2024) · International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion · doi:10.1080/17457300.2024.2335495 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, X., Zhang, M., Li, N., & Wei, W. (2023) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1093/jbcr/irad056 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Impact of Work Demands on Burnout and Mental Health Among Frontline Nurses During COVID-19
Albert, E., & Bakker, C. (2024) · Safety and Health For Medical Workers · doi:10.69725/shmw.v1i3.155
Burnout and social support among social workers in the gerontological field in Spain
Tirado, R. Y., Gallardo-Peralta, L. P., García-Aguña, S., & Sánchez-Moreno, E. (2025) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2025.2502019
Andalusian teachers: burnout profiles and associated work experience patterns in teachers
Cuadrado, E. R. S., Jiménez-Rosa, M., & Alonso-Belver, A. (2026) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2026.2635894
- Authors
- Potard, C., & Landais, C.
- Affiliations
- Université d'Angers (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Potard, Catherine
- ORCID
- Potard, Catherine
- Venue
- Geriatric Nursing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1135-1142
- ISSN
- 0197-4572 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3189814350
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 5.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 335 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Geriatric Nursing (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- burnout, burnout profiles, nurses, care assistants, older adults, elderly care, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, caregiver experiences, Maslach Burnout Inventory
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Burnout, Professional, Humans, Nurses, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cluster Analysis, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
