Forest conservation effects of Brazil's zero deforestation cattle agreements undermined by leakage
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Brazil's Zero-Deforestation Cattle Agreements (CA) are one of the longest-standing examples of supply chain governance, but shortcomings in implementation have reduced their conservation impacts.
“Brazil's Zero-Deforestation Cattle Agreements (CA) are one of the longest-standing examples of SCG but shortcomings in implementation have reduced their conservation impacts.”
From Cattle supply chain fidelity in the Brazilian Amazon: key considerations for deforestation monitoring (2024) · cites this paper as Alix-Garcia and Gibbs 2017
A study on the Forest Stewardship Council certification found it was not effective at reducing deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon, due to low stringency of the certification criteria and low enforcement of compliance to these criteria within certified operations.
“A study on the Forest Stewardship 552 Council certification, a third-party standard, found it was not effective at reducing deforestation in the 553 Peruvian Amazon, due to low stringency of the certification criteria and low enforcement of compliance 554 to these criteria within certified operations [156].”
From A systematic comparison of deforestation drivers and policy effectiveness across the Amazon biome (2023) · cites this paper as [156]
Cattle ranching has long eluded sustainability initiatives such as private certification or public supply chain policies put in place to control its impacts.
“Ranching has long eluded sustainability initiatives such as private certification or public supply chain policies put in place to control its impacts (Alix-Garcia and Gibbs, 2017;Grabs et al., 2021;Zu Ermgassen et al., 2020).”
From Beyond the “supply chain” framing: Cattle ranching as a vanishing mediator of deforestation and dispossession in the Brazilian and Colombian Amazon (2026) · cites this paper as Alix-Garcia and Gibbs, 2017
Cites
Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s
Gibbs, H. K., Ruesch, A. S., Achard, F., Clayton, M. K., Holmgren, P., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. A. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0910275107 · Cited by 1,876 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-density maps
Baccini, A., Goetz, S. J., Walker, W. S., Laporte, N. T., Sun, M., Sulla-Menashe, D., Hackler, J., Beck, P. S. A., Dubayah, R., Friedl, M. A., et al. (2012) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1354 · Cited by 1,788 · see citing works
Henders, S., Persson, U. M., & Kastner, T. (2015) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/125012 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
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Middle-range theories of land system change
Meyfroidt, P., Roy Chowdhury, R., de Bremond, A., Ellis, E. C., Erb, K.-H., Filatova, T., Garrett, R. D., Grove, J. M., Heinimann, A., Kuemmerle, T., et al. (2018) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.08.006 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
The Economics of Tropical Deforestation
Balboni, C., Berman, A., Burgess, R., & Olken, B. A. (2023) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-090622-024705 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A systematic comparison of deforestation drivers and policy effectiveness across the Amazon biome
Hänggli, A., Levy, S. A., Armenteras, D., Bovolo, C. I., Brandão, J., Rueda, X., & Garrett, R. D. (2023) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acd408 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Making deforestation risk visible. Discourses on bovine leather supply chain in Brazil
Mammadova, A., Behagel, J., & Masiero, M. (2020) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.03.008 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Protected areas still used to produce brazil’s cattle
West, T. A. P., Rausch, L., Munger, J., & Gibbs, H. K. (2022) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12916 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationSkidmore, M. E., Barrozo, M., Rausch, L., & Gibbs, H. K. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad7a0d · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationCarvalho, R., Rausch, L., Munger, J., & Gibbs, H. K. (2021) · Land · doi:10.3390/land10101098 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationBastos Lima, M. G., & López, J. (2026) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2026.107532
- Authors
- Alix-Garcia, J., & Gibbs, H. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- ORCID
- Gibbs, Holly K.
- Venue
- Global Environmental Change
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 47
- Pages
- 201-217
- ISSN
- 0959-3780 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2771015626
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Global Environmental Change (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation's Department for Civil Society
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Oil Palm Production and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Environmental Conservation and Management
- Keywords
- zero-deforestation commitments, cattle supply chain, avoided deforestation, certification schemes, Amazon deforestation, Mato Grosso, Pará, forest conservation, supply chain monitoring
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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