Liposomal glutathione as a promising candidate for immunological rheumatoid arthritis therapy
Open accessAbstract
Nano-medicine can passively accumulate in chronic inflammatory tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention phenomenon, or by being conjugated with a ligand that can bind to receptors over expressed by cells inside chronic inflammatory tissues, contributing to reduced systemic side-effects and increased efficacy. This article highlights the utilization of nanomedicine for potential treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in rat model via 2 weeks intradermal injection of pristane at the base of the tail in a daily dose of 150 μl. Susceptible rat strains developed severe arthritis with a sudden onset 3 weeks post pristane injection. Three weeks post pristane administration; rats were treated intravenously with glutathione or liposomal-glutathione in a dose of 5 mg/kg daily for 30 days. Concomitant supplementation with the aforementioned antioxidants effect on proinflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed. On the other hand, oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) compared with pristane treated group was also investigated. The results elucidated that glutathione and liposomal -glutathione significantly reduced rheumatoid factor, malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein levels with the superiority of liposomal -glutathione in this side reflecting its pronounced effect as anti-rheumatoid agent.
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Glutathione-loaded exosomes were more able to shorten the glutathione synthesis process, increase glutathione serum levels, and reduce rheumatoid factors.
“Similarly, Kadry et al. found the glutathione-loaded exosomes were more able to shorten the glutathione synthesis process, increase glutathione serum levels, and meanwhile reduce rheumatoid factors.”
From The Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Significance of Exosomes as Carriers of Drug Delivery System (2022) · cites this paper as [81]
Malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein levels were lower in the glutathione-loaded exosome group than in the free glutathione group.
“The prognostic marker malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein levels were lower than the free glutathione group [81].”
From The Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Significance of Exosomes as Carriers of Drug Delivery System (2022) · cites this paper as [81]
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- [12]Castro E. Kumar A. Kumar A. Mansour H.M. Friedman A. Blough E.R. Nanomedicine in Drug Delivery 2013 CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group FL, USA 1 22
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The Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Significance of Exosomes as Carriers of Drug Delivery System
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- Authors
- Kadry, M. O.
- Affiliations
- National Research Centre (EG)
- Corresponding author
- Kadry, Mai O.
- ORCID
- Kadry, Mai O.
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e02162
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6661417
- OpenAlex
- W2964584607
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Centre
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- rheumatoid arthritis, nanomedicine, pristane-induced arthritis, enhanced permeability and retention effect, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, rheumatoid factor, oxidative stress, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory therapy
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