Resilience effects in food consumption behaviour at the time of Covid-19: perspectives from Italy
Open accessAbstract
The Covid-19 pandemic lead Italy to undertake a severe lockdown for almost two months. All of a sudden, the lives of Italians were forced to shift in accordance with the regulations issued by government. This change in the lives of Italians can be mirrored by an adjustment in food consumer behaviour that, consequently, brought about a transition in the whole supply chain. This paper gives an overview of the recent changes in consumption patterns that occurred due to the Italian lockdown, and how evolutions in behaviour are intertwined with the evolution of the main food supply chains. Many of the events here depicted are likely to last far beyond the crisis and affect the subsequent evolution of food consumption in Italy. The Italian retail supply chain successfully adapted to the big shift in consumption. Despite purchases for essential items having increased, no stockout harmed the food security of Italians. Out-of-home consumption moved inside houses giving space to home meal preparation and comfort food. Home delivery has been the most important element in this context, as it boomed during this period, helping laggard consumers fill the digital divide, as it was mostly mediated by e-commerce platforms and instant messaging. It was also the leverage that allowed small retailers and small producers regain their space. This crisis calls for a more sustainable food system that will be increasingly oriented to moving goods rather than people, which will also have relevance in the coming years.
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Self-identity positively impacts healthy food purchase intention.
“Self-identity emerges as a significant predictor of healthy food purchase intention, maintaining its influence even when controlling for other psychological and social factors within the theory of the planned behavior framework [37,81,102].”
From Psychological Determinants of Healthy Food Purchase Intention: An Integrative Model Based on Health Consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [102]
The Introduction discusses hedonic and utilitarian buying motives, while the Discussion describes changes in food preferences during the Italian lockdown; neither addresses self-identity as a predictor of healthy-food purchase intention. Searches for self-identity, healthy-food purchase intention, and the theory of planned behavior found no passage supporting the attributed relationship. The indexed passages provide section labels but no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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BackgroundInfluentialCOVID-19 and sustainability in textile, apparel and fashion use: An assessment of trends
Filho, W. L., Dinis, M. A. P., Paço, A. M. F. D., Herédia-Colaço, V., Ávila, L. V., Dennis, K., Tyler, D., Neiva, S. D. S., & Liakh, O. (2022) · Textile Research Journal · doi:10.1177/00405175221114167 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“In Italy, for example, it was estimated that in a population where approximately 60% had dinner in restaurants at least once a week, and 10% ate breakfast every day outside, this reality was altered during COVID-19, causing the population to increase purchases made in supermarkets.(8) According to Rodrigues et al.”
BackgroundGarola, G., Siragusa, C., Seghezzi, A., & Mangiaracina, R. (2023) · The International Journal of Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/ijlm-03-2022-0114 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Understanding retail supply chain during COVID-19: a systematic review
Jum’a, L., Abushaikha, I., Towers, N. S., & Al-Masa'fah, W. (2023) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-09-2022-0345 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Being a Farmer in Austria during COVID-19—A Qualitative Study on Challenges and Opportunities
Meixner, O., Quehl, H. E., Pöchträger, S., & Haas, R. (2022) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy12051240 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Music, J., & Charlebois, S. (2022) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2022.2072556 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“As the pandemic is still ongoing, many articles contain preliminary observations on diverse aspects of the Canadian agriculture and food system, including food supply chains (Hobbs, 2020), and consumer food retail (Cavallo et al., 2020) and food service habits (Haas et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCOVID-19, social identity, and socially responsible food consumption between generations
Leyva-Hernández, S., Terán-Bustamante, A., & Martínez-Velasco, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1080097 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“For this reason, electronic commerce has significantly increased (Cavallo et al., 2020), since people keep their purchases without compromising their health.”
BackgroundHealthy Lifestyle Motivators of Willingness to Consume Healthy Food Brands: An Integrative Model
García-Salirrosas, E. E., Escobar‐Farfán, M., Esponda-Pérez, J. A., Villar-Guevara, M., Rondon-Eusebio, R. F., Zavaleta, G. A. E., Urraca-Vergara, E. M., & Guerra-Velásquez, M. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14010125 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The demand for healthy food consumption increased considerably after COVID-19 [1].”
Household mobility in food purchasing during COVID-19 lockdown: Evidence from Torino, Italy
Braut, B., Migheli, M., & Truant, E. (2022) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103554 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“In Italy, online food purchases tripled compared to the pre COVID-19 period (Cavallo et al., 2020; ISMEA, 2020), while in Spain, the increase was greater than 200% (Villa & Monzón, 2021).”
Inoue, Y., & Hashimoto, M. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08867 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Notably, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced people to stay at home, highlighting the signi fi cance and usefulness of EC platforms (Cavallo et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe Impact of COVID-19 on Municipal Food Markets: Resilience or Innovative Attitude?
Fava, N., Laganà, V. R., & Nicolosi, A. (2022) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.3390/joitmc8020087 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bahn, R. A., Fort, F., Saucède, F., & Abebe, G. K. (2024) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104064 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A review of psychological resilience: paving the path for sustainable consumption
Azam, H., Muhamad, N., & Talib, M. S. A. (2024) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2024.2408436 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…psychological resilience will ultimately lead to wide-spread behavioural changes (Y. Deng et al., 2023); that can harvest sustainable consumption (cavallo et al., 2020). although it is clear that consumer psychological resilience-induced sustainable consumption will have a substantial impact,…”
Piochi, M., Buonocore, F., Spampani, F., & Torri, L. (2021) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104488 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Agenda 2030 and COVID-19: A Young Consumer’s Perception of Sustainable Consumption
Renzi, M. F., Ungaro, V., Pietro, L. D., Mugion, R. G., & Pasca, M. G. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142315627 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in canned tuna and their impact on food safety
Nobile, M., Chiesa, L. M., Villa, R. E., Danesi, L., Arioli, F., & Panseri, S. (2024) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110301 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Beyond Bottles: Exploring Consumer Perceptions and Preferences for Bag‐in‐Box Wine Packaging
Scozzafava, G., Dominici, A., Canuti, V., Casini, L., & Boncinelli, F. (2024) · Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research · doi:10.1155/ajgw/9946341 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Consumers under pandemic anxiety: Suppressors, intensifiers, and resilients
Mittal, B. (2022) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12851 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Extending the Frontiers of Electronic Commerce Knowledge through Cybersecurity
Vuță, D. R., Nichifor, E., Țierean, O. M., Zamfirache, A., Chițu, I. B., Foriş, T., & Brătucu, G. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11142223 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wallnoefer, L. M., & Riefler, P. (2022) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy12081940 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Şahin, G. A., & Gül, F. H. (2022) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-01-2022-0092 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chinyanga, E., Britwum, K., Gustafson, C. R., & Bernard, J. C. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107574 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The effects of COVID-19 crisis on small family farms: Empirical evidence from Visegrad countries
Blažková, I., Svatošová, V., Chmelíková, G., Tamáš, V., Svobodová, E., Grega, L., Miškolci, S., Piecuch, J., Ujj, A., Hupková, D., et al. (2023) · Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) · doi:10.17221/217/2023-agricecon · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Grandi, S., MacDonald, S., & Tankibayeva, A. (2022) · GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites · doi:10.30892/gtg.41229-863 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…demand for food supplies, and the possibility of local production and consumption circuits can make localities more resilient, the trade-off between rurality as a place for recreation for production sites can entail questions of sustainability (Cavallo et al., 2020; Mastronardi et al., 2020).”
BackgroundLi, M., Deng, R., & Bin, G. (2024) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-024-02146-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…by Hua et al. (2022) underscores the intricate interplay of psychological, socio-cultural, and economic factors in shaping consumer behavior, providing valuable insights that complement the observations of Cavallo et al. (2020) on the evolving consumption patterns during the lockdown period.”
Meta-synthesis of COVID-19 lessons: charting sustainable management of future pandemics
Bafarasat, A. Z. (2021) · International Journal of Urban Sciences · doi:10.1080/12265934.2021.1936136 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Borsellino, V., Pecoraro, N., & Schimmenti, E. (2022) · International Journal of Dairy Technology · doi:10.1111/1471-0307.12933 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kettele, M., Lechner, G., Baumgartner, R. J., & Füllsack, M. (2024) · Journal of Simulation · doi:10.1080/17477778.2024.2399076 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Studies show effects of up to four weeks during the first lockdown (Cavallo et al., 2020; Perrin & Martin, 2021).”
Greek Semi-Hard and Hard Cheese Consumers’ Perception in the New Global Era
Skalkos, D. C., Bamicha, K., Kosma, I. S., & Samara, E. T. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15075825 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tugnolo, A., Oliveira, H. M., Giovenzana, V., Fontes, N., Silva, S., Fernandes, C., Graça, A., Pampuri, A., Casson, A., Piteira, J., et al. (2025) · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.compag.2024.109856 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sobika, K. A., & Raj, S. N. V. (2021) · International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT) · doi:10.1109/iccct53315.2021.9711904 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fanelli, R. M. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17051831 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Amazonian natural products used as functional food and medicine
Santos, I. L., Amante, E. R., Rodrigues, A. M. D. C., & da Silva, L. H. M. (2025) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143656 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Galluzzo, F. G., Cammilleri, G., Cicero, A., Pantano, L., Pulvirenti, A., Macaluso, A., Cicero, N., Calabrese, V., & Ferrantelli, V. (2021) · Food Quality and Safety · doi:10.1093/fqsafe/fyab031 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rombach, M., Dean, D., & Baird, T. (2021) · Horticulturae · doi:10.3390/horticulturae7120575 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ji, Y., Lee, W. S., & Moon, J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032625 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused a substantial enhancement of consumer interest in food safety [18,19].”
BackgroundOnline Food Shopping: Determinants and Profile of Portuguese Buyers in the Pandemic Context
Gomes, S., Lopes, J. M., & Oliveira, J. (2022) · Innovar · doi:10.15446/innovar.v33n87.105507 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Arif, I., Shourove, J. H., Sarker, T., Rahman, M., & Islam, G. M. R. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19982-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Thus, individuals spent more time cooking at home and reported lower food waste [33].”
BackgroundStrengthening food supply resilience: Lean and Lean Six Sigma strategies for disruptions
Costa, L. B. M., Filho, M. G., Ganga, G. M. D., Mota, R. D. O., Negrão, L. L. L., & Tavares, T. M. (2024) · Supply Chain Forum an International Journal · doi:10.1080/16258312.2024.2426446 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This need for agility and adapt-ability extends to any significant disruption in the food supply chain (Cavallo, Sacchi, and Carfora 2020; H. B. Sharma et al. 2020).”
Resilience of Milk Supply Chains during and after the COVID-19 Crisis in Latvia
Pilvere, I., Upīte, I., Muška, A., Zdanovskis, K., Nipers, A., & Janmere, L. (2021) · Rural Sustainability Research · doi:10.2478/plua-2021-0007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sestino, A., Giraldi, L., Cedrola, E., & Guido, G. (2022) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-14748-7_9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Investigating the Consumption Patterns of Japanese Seafood during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Aruga, K., & Wakamatsu, H. (2024) · Commodities · doi:10.3390/commodities3020012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Maceín, J. L. C., González-Azcárate, M., Hewitt, R. J., Hernández-Jiménez, V., & Bardají, I. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40565 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“For instance, public authorities like regional and local governments can contribute by playing an important role in reducing the discrepancy between consumers who already make use of SFSCs consumers and consumers who are interested in doing so but have not yet “ made the leap ” [62].”
Heutte, K., Daurès, F., Lucas, S., Girard, S., Alban, F., & Floch, P. L. (2023) · Aquatic Living Resources · doi:10.1051/alr/2023004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…Denmark, Poland, Austria, United Kingdom, Germany, and Slovenia, the shopping frequency was reduced together with an increase of long shelf life product consumption as well as more processed products (Cavallo et al., 2020; Janssen et al., 2021; Martins et al., 2022; Skotnicka et al., 2021).”
BackgroundChanges in Production Efficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Klimecka-Tatar, D., & Ulewicz, R. (2021) · Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering · doi:10.2478/mape-2021-0023 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…everyday life (fresh vegetables, meat, bread, dairy products), pharmaceuticals (Baryshnikova, Kiriliuk, and Klimecka-Tatar, 2020; Blenkinsop, 2020; Cavallo, Sacchi, and Carfora, 2020; Dziuba and Ulewicz, 2021; Klimecka-Tatar, Kiriliuk, and Baryshnikova, 2021; Nakat and Bou-Mitri, 2021; O'Hara and…”
Díaz‐Pichardo, R., Vota, V., & Tettamanzi, P. (2026) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-04-2025-0548 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Catellani, P., & Carfora, V. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35070-2_2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMol, S., Geyik, S. K., & Süren, Y. (2024) · AQUATIC RESEARCH · doi:10.3153/ar24003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
da Rocha, T. C., Olegário, L. S., de Carvalho, L. M., Pereira, D. A., González‐Mohíno, A., Ventanas, S., Estévez, M., & Madruga, M. S. (2022) · International Journal of Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1111/ijfs.15892 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Leyva-Hernández, S. N., Arango-Ramírez, P. M., Rosales, V. M. G., & Mendoza, Ó. G. (2022) · Estudios Sociales Revista de Alimentación Contemporánea y Desarrollo Regional · doi:10.24836/es.v32i60.1237 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Post-lockdown changes in diet in Italy and the USA: Return to old habits or structural changes?
Scozzafava, G., Contini, C., Gerini, F., & Casini, L. (2022) · Agricultural and Food Economics · doi:10.1186/s40100-022-00234-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rapa, M., Giannetti, V., Mariani, M. B., Francesco, F. D., & Porpiglia, A. (2023) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer18040085 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Klimecka-Tatar, D., Kiriliuk, O. M., & Baryshnikova, N. A. (2021) · System Safety Human - Technical Facility - Environment · doi:10.2478/czoto-2021-0010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Supply chains and COVID-19: impact on Jordan’s, countermeasures and post-COVID-19 era
Alkasasbeh, O. M. A., & Al-kasasbeh, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies · doi:10.56556/jssms.v1i1.39 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Consumers' Orientation towards E-Commerce during Disruptive Times: Entrepreneurship Implications
Grosu, R. M., Starosta, K., Pleșea, D., & Chița, S. D. (2024) · Central European Business Review · doi:10.18267/j.cebr.380 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
EU Wine Exporters Competing in Changing International Markets
Henke, R., & Carbone, A. (2025) · World · doi:10.3390/world6020077 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mandolesi, S., Saidi, A., Giudice, T. D., Naspetti, S., Zanoli, R., & Cavallo, C. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17156912 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationANTESEDEN PERILAKU KONSUMTIF DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Fitriani, D., Setyono, H., & Solehatin, S. (2023) · Jurnal Fokus Manajemen Bisnis · doi:10.12928/fokus.v13i1.7686 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Glogovețan, A.-I., Dabija, D., & Pocol, C. B. (2023) · Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Food Science and Technology · doi:10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2023.0009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“So, a detailed and methodical approach was adopted to collect and analyse data – using this powerful tool (Cavallo et The data used in this study spanned a five-year period, from January 1, 2018, to March 15th, 2023, providing a comprehensive view of trends and changes in consumer interest over…”
MethodImpacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the dietary practices of university students in Germany
Dreyer, J., Brandt, A. C., Lichtenstein, S., Sina, C., & Smollich, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1302308 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
What does it take to build resilience against droughts in food value chains?
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Food Delivery Platforms During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Amicarelli, V., Lagioia, G., Pamfilie, R., Grosu, R. M., & Bux, C. (2021) · Proceeding Papers · doi:10.24818/basiq/2021/07/020 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
FACTORS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE PURCHASE PROCESS OF PERUVIAN BODEGAS IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19
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Food Choice Motives Changes Caused by the Coronavirus Pandemic
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Emerging Trends in Retailing and Consumption Patterns
Arrigo, E., & Pellicelli, A. C. (2022) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06581-1_20 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Beyond a Health Crisis: What Has Changed in Food Consumption Behaviour? A DEMATEL Method Application
Paksoy, S., & Seçer, A. (2023) · Alanya Akademik Bakış · doi:10.29023/alanyaakademik.1129278 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Cavallo, C., Sacchi, G., & Carfora, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (IT)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Sacchi, Giovanna
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e05676
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7722488
- OpenAlex
- W3113250690
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 26
- FWCI
- 18.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Libera Università di Bolzano
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, food consumption behaviour, food supply chain, food retail, food security, home cooking, comfort food, home delivery, e-commerce, digital divide, small retailers, sustainable food systems, Italy
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