Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: On December 12th 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) emerged in Wuhan, China, sparking a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). On the 24th of April 2020, the number of COVID-19 deaths in the world, according to the COVID-Case Tracker by Johns Hopkins University, was 195,313, and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases was 2,783,512. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive impact on human health, causing sudden lifestyle changes, through social distancing and isolation at home, with social and economic consequences. Optimizing public health during this pandemic requires not only knowledge from the medical and biological sciences, but also of all human sciences related to lifestyle, social and behavioural studies, including dietary habits and lifestyle. METHODS: Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits and lifestyle changes among the Italian population aged ≥ 12 years. The study comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired demographic information (age, gender, place of residence, current employment); anthropometric data (reported weight and height); dietary habits information (adherence to the Mediterranean diet, daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, and number of meals/day); lifestyle habits information (grocery shopping, habit of smoking, sleep quality and physical activity). The survey was conducted from the 5th to the 24th of April 2020. RESULTS: A total of 3533 respondents have been included in the study, aged between 12 and 86 years (76.1% females). The perception of weight gain was observed in 48.6% of the population; 3.3% of smokers decided to quit smoking; a slight increased physical activity has been reported, especially for bodyweight training, in 38.3% of respondents; the population group aged 18-30 years resulted in having a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet when compared to the younger and the elderly population (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively); 15% of respondents turned to farmers or organic, purchasing fruits and vegetables, especially in the North and Center of Italy, where BMI values were lower. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have provided for the first time data on the Italian population lifestyle, eating habits and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet pattern during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, our data need to be confirmed and investigated in future more extensive population studies.
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Emotional eating is linked to consumption of unhealthy food, weight gain, poorer psychological wellbeing, depression, and eating disorders.
“Emotional eating could be problematic for a wide range of physical and psychological problems, as it has been linked to the consumption of unhealthy food and, therefore, weight gain, as well as with poorer psychological wellbeing, depression, and eating disorders (van Strien et al., 1986; Di Renzo et al., 2020; Scarmozzino and Visioli, 2020).”
From The Mediating Role of Psychological Inflexibility in the Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional Eating in Adult Individuals With Obesity (2022) · cites this paper as Di Renzo et al., 2020
The Background (page not specified) describes emotional eating as overeating in response to negative emotions and links stress to consumption of sugary comfort foods. The Results (page not specified) associate increased junk-food consumption with perceived weight gain. The paper does not establish that emotional eating itself leads to weight gain, poorer psychological wellbeing, depression, or eating disorders. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Pivari, F., Soldati, L., Attinà, A., Cinelli, G., Leggeri, C., Caparello, G., Barrea, L., Scerbo, F., Esposito, E., & De Lorenzo, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Federico II University Hospital (IT)
- Policlinico Tor Vergata (IT)
- Regione Basilicata (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pivari, Francesca
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2020-06-08
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 229-229
- ISSN
- 1479-5876 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7278251
- OpenAlex
- W3032937492
- Cited by
- 2,234
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 213 · 2023: 414 · 2022: 625 · 2021: 668 · 2020: 151 · 2018: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 293.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Translational Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Keywords
- lockdown, dietary habits, lifestyle modification, Mediterranean diet adherence, smoking cessation, physical activity, sleep quality, grocery shopping, organic food purchasing, food frequency, Italian population
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Drinking, Emergencies, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Italy, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Quarantine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Smoking, Coronavirus Infections, Guideline Adherence, Diet, Mediterranean, Young Adult, Pandemics
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