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Modification of natural zeolites and their applications for heavy metal removal from polluted environments: Challenges, recent advances, and perspectives
Open accessAbstract
In recent decades, environmental pollution has become a significant problem for human health and environmental impact. The high accumulation of heavy metals in waters and soils from different sources was conducted by finding efficient and environmentally friendly treatment methods and materials for their removal. Natural zeolites have found wide-ranging applications in environmental remediation and protection, considering various treatment and modification methods designed to enhance the natural zeolites' adsorptive or ion-exchange capabilities for increased efficiency. This paper briefly consolidates the recent scientific literature related to the main characteristics of natural and modified zeolites, the advantages and limitations of their environmental remediation application, and summarizes the methodologies applied to natural zeolites in order to improve their properties. Their application for removing heavy metals from water systems and soils is also comprehensively discussed. This review highlights the excellent potential of natural zeolites to be used after specific treatment or modification as a sustainable and green material to solve numerous environmental pollution issues.
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“Furthermore, the presence of mineral impurities in natural zeolites can reduce their effective surface area and cation exchange capacity, while their performance is also highly dependent on solution pH, which affects both surface charge and metal speciation.219,220”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [219]
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“However, structural stability remains a limitation; the aluminosilicate framework is susceptible to dealumination under acidic conditions, leading to crystalline collapse, loss of porosity, and permanent reduction in adsorption capacity.219”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [219]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Senila, M., & Cadar, O.
- Affiliations
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Cadar, Oana
- ORCID
- Cadar, Oana
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-02
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e25303
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10862511
- OpenAlex
- W4391519229
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 28
- FWCI
- 18.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Keywords
- natural zeolite, zeolite modification, heavy metal removal, environmental remediation, adsorption, ion exchange, water pollution, soil contamination, eco-friendly materials, sustainable remediation
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