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Cited by 48Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChildren's Physical and Motor DevelopmentPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

Can attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder be differentiated by motor and balance deficits?

Kooistra, Libbe, Ramage, Barbara, Crawford, Susan, Cantell, Marja, Wormsbecker, Shirley, Gibbard, Ben, Kaplan, Bonnie J.·2009·Human Movement Science
DOI 10.1016/j.humov.2009.01.007
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Abstract

There is an ongoing debate regarding the diagnostic overlap between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Differential diagnosis is important because of treatment implications. Children aged 7-10years (47 ADHD, 30 FASD, 39 controls) participated. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) and the Clinical Observations of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS) were used. Force plate and electromyography data were collected during static balance and balance perturbation. On the M-ABC both children with ADHD and FASD had more motor problems than controls. The ADHD-Combined and the ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive subgroups were similarly affected in their fine motor skills. On the COMPS, the majority of children in both groups performed in the normal range, but for those children clinically affected, it was the children with ADHD who were more likely to be severely impaired. The children with ADHD were characterized by early onset latencies of the tibialis anterior muscles and increased amplitudes of the gastrocnemius muscles. Difficulty scaling muscle force reflecting medial cerebellar involvement may be the key problem in ADHD. Cerebellar involvement in the postural instability in FASD awaits further study.

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  • In a study of children with ADHD, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and controls, postural stability was impaired in the ADHD and FASD groups.

    “In a study of children with ADHD, children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), and controls, postural stability was impaired in the ADHD and FASD groups.”

    From Postural sway and regional cerebellar volume in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Kooistra et al., 2009

  • Balance deficits in children with ADHD have been reported in simple standing postures such as standing on a fixed platform with eyes open.

    “while balance deficits in children with ADHD have been reported in simple standing postures such as standing on a fixed platform with eyes open (Bucci et al., 2014; Hassan and Azzam, 2012; Kooistra et al., 2009; Shorer et al., 2012)”

    From Postural sway and regional cerebellar volume in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Kooistra et al., 2009

  • Children with ADHD respond to an applied force with higher and shorter latency muscle activity, indicating an inability to generate appropriate muscle force modulations for balance control.

    “other evidence has shown that children with ADHD respond to an applied force with higher (and shorter latency) muscle activity, indicating an inability to generate appropriate muscle force modulations for balance control (Kooistra et al., 2009).”

    From Postural sway and regional cerebellar volume in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Kooistra et al., 2009

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Authors
Kooistra, L., Ramage, B., Crawford, S., Cantell, M., Wormsbecker, S., Gibbard, B., & Kaplan, B. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Calgary (CA)
  • Alberta Children's Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author
Kooistra, Libbe
ORCID
Venue
Human Movement Science
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-08
Volume
28
Issue
4
Pages
529-542
ISSN
0167-9457 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.humov.2009.01.007
OpenAlex
W2090600713
Cited by
48
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Human Movement Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, differential diagnosis, motor impairment, balance deficits, postural instability, cerebellar involvement, gastrocnemius muscle activity, static balance, postural perturbation, fine motor skills
MeSH terms
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cerebellum, Child, Cognition Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Electromyography, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Male, Neurologic Examination, Pregnancy, Psychomotor Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Wechsler Scales, Observer Variation, Comorbidity, Muscle, Skeletal, Motor Skills Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

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