Positive psychotherapy for distressed cancer survivors: Posttraumatic growth facilitation reduces posttraumatic stress
Open accessAbstract
There is increasing evidence that positive life changes, such as posttraumatic growth (PTG), can result from the experience of coping with cancer. However, no interventions have been specifically designed to facilitate the development of PTG in cancer. In this article, we describe and assess the results of Positive Psychotherapy for Cancer (PPC) survivors. It aims to facilitate PTG as a way of achieving significant reductions in the symptoms of emotional distress and posttraumatic stress. In addition, the corroboration of this PTG facilitation is assessed using interpersonal indicators. Method: We allocated 126 consecutive survivors of cancer with high levels of emotional distress and who were seeking psychological support to either an experimental group (PPC) or a waiting list group. Results: The PPC group obtained significantly better results after treatment than the control group, showing reduced distress, decreased posttraumatic symptoms, and increased PTG. The benefits were maintained at 3 and 12 months’ follow-up. Participants’ PTG was correlated to the PTG that their significant others attributed to them, corroborating PTG facilitation. Conclusions: PPC appears to promote significant long-term PTG and can reduce emotional distress and posttraumatic stress in cancer survivors. In addition, PTG facilitation induced by PPC is corroborated by significant others. La evidencia científica muestra la importante presencia de cambios vitales positivos, como el crecimiento postraumático (CPT), tras afrontar un cáncer. Sin embargo, ninguna intervención ha sido específicamente diseñada para facilitar el CPT en pacientes con cáncer. En este artículo, se describen y evalúan los resultados de la Psicoterapia Positiva dirigida a supervivientes de Cáncer (PPC), diseñada para facilitar el CPT como vía para reducir el malestar emocional y estrés postraumático. Utilizamos indicadores interpersonales para validar la autenticidad del CPT. Método: Ciento veintiséis supervivientes de cáncer con elevados niveles de malestar emocional fueron consecutivamente asignados al grupo experimental (PPC) o al grupo de lista de espera. Resultados: El grupo de PPC obtuvo significativamente mejores resultados después del tratamiento que el grupo control, mostrando una reducción del malestar psicológico, de los síntomas de estrés postraumático y un incremento del CPT. Los beneficios se mantuvieron a los 3 y 12 meses. El CPT fue corroborado por los seres queridos de los participantes. Conclusiones: La PPC parece promover de forma significativa el CPT y reduce el malestar emocional y el estrés postraumático en supervivientes de cáncer. Además, la facilitación de CPT inducido por la PPC es corroborada por los seres queridos.
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Lack of attention and treatment of post-traumatic stress symptoms in patients with cancer and their survivors can increase pain experience, wish to die, disability, poor self-care, and less healthy lifestyle.
“Also, lack of attention and treatment of post-traumatic stress symptoms in patients with cancer and their survivors can increase pain experience, wish to die, disability, poor selfcare, and less healthy lifestyle (6, 9).”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy for demoralization syndrome and cancer-related trauma: A randomized clinical trial study (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
The opening passage (page unavailable) associates cancer-related distress with poorer self-care and a less healthy lifestyle; the Discussion (page unavailable) associates posttraumatic stress with reduced quality of life in survivors. The paper does not establish that lack of treatment increases pain, a wish to die, disability, or the other listed outcomes, and its statement about self-care and lifestyle concerns distress broadly rather than untreated posttraumatic stress specifically. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Güler, K. G., Keskin, S. G., & Terzi, M. (2024) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13389 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Şanlı, M. E., & Erci, B. (2024) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2024.2387538 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hamidian, P., Rezaee, N., Shakiba, M., & Navidian, A. (2018) · Medical - Surgical Nursing Journal · doi:10.5812/msnj.85935 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
D’Errico, D., Schroder, T. A., & Gresswell, D. M. (2022) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5964 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
O'Neil, M. E., Cheney, T. P., Hsu, F. C., Carlson, K. F., Hart, E. L., Holmes, R. S., Murphy, K. M., Graham, E., Cameron, D. C., Kahler, J., et al. (2020) · doi:10.23970/ahrqepccer235 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A scoping review of psychosocial oncology interventions promoting posttraumatic growth
Wong, K. L., McClure, K. S., & Psillos, D. E. (2022) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology Research and Practice · doi:10.1097/or9.0000000000000071 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Post-Traumatic Growth: A Paradigm for Psychological Change
Taylor, E. M. (2023) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsr.v11i4.1720 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Positive Psychology Model of Mental Function and Behavior
Rashid, T., Summers, R. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_28-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Warlick, C. A., Nelson, J., Krieshok, T. S., & Frey, B. B. (2018) · Translational Issues in Psychological Science · doi:10.1037/tps0000166 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dustkafi, H., Heidari, H., Davoodi, H., & Bahramabadi, M. Z. (2019) · Qom Univ Med Sci J · doi:10.29252/qums.13.9.80 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dai, R., Kim, J., Choi, H., Shin, Y., Kim, S., Kim, S., Kim, K., & Kim, J. S. (2025) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01225-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jones, M. A., Hutchinson, A. D., & Barry, L. (2026) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.70460 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Emotive and metacognitive processes in post-traumatic growth of University students
Matlasevych, O. V., Балашов, Е. М., & Kotovska, Y. (2023) · East European Journal of Psycholinguistics · doi:10.29038/eejpl.2023.10.2.mat · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Corman, M., Dambrun, M., Rubio, M., Cabrespine, A., Brindel, I., Bay, J., & de Latour, R. P. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11131975 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Karbasi, A., Babakhanian, M., Ahmadzadeh, A., & Omranifard, V. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01578-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Actividades de tiempo libre y el bienestar espiritual
Vanegas-Farfano, M., Ramírez, M. T. G., Coronado, E. A. G., Martínez, J., & Velázquez, I. I. V. (2018) · Informes Psicológicos · doi:10.18566/infpsic.v18n1a09 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ghalandoz, P. M., & Sardary, B. (2020) · Applied Issues in Quarterly Journal of Islamic Education · doi:10.29252/qaiie.5.2.115 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
García, F. E., Beyebach, M., Félix Cova, S., Concha-Ponce, P., & Mardones, R. (2021) · Psychologia · doi:10.21500/19002386.5300 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fischer, E., Furchtlehner, L. M., Schuster, R., & Laireiter, A. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14050692 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Melguizo-Garín, A., Martos-Méndez, M. J., Hombrados‐Mendieta, I., & Ruiz-Rodríguez, I. (2021) · Psicooncología · doi:10.5209/psic.71432 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Positive Psychology in Southern Europe (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain)
Ruini, C. (2022) · The International Handbook of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57354-6_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Adopting healthy behaviors: Toward prevention and cures
Anisman, H., & Kusnecov, A. W. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00019-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Forutannasab, R., Karimi, Z., Zoladl, M., & Afrasiabifar, A. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.30476/ijcbnm.2024.100406.2359 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress and growth in pulmonary patients recovered from COVID-19
Milanowska, J., Maćkiewicz, B., Aftyka, A., Mazurek, P., & Samardakiewicz, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88405-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Taheri, A., & Falavarjani, M. F. (2019) · Middle East Journal of Positive Psychology · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Baník, G., Dědová, M., & Vargová, L. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/et7y9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Positive Psychology Model of Mental Function and Behavior
Rashid, T., Summers, R. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_28-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
CİHAN, S., & Eğin, S. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07875-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tsatsou, I., Nikoloudi, M., Galanis, P., & Mystakidou, K. (2025) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2025.102984 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yang, J., Bao, R., Chen, Z., Han, C., Zhao, Y., Niu, X.-M., Dong, D., He, Y., & Chu, Q. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-102071 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Session One: Positive Introduction and Gratitude Journal
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rincón, P., Vázquez, C., García, F. E., Rivera, C., & Bruna, B. (2022) · Ajayu Órgano de Difusión Científica del Departamento de Psicología UCBSP · doi:10.35319/ajayu.201114 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“My Mummy Has a Hole in Her Face”: Living with Facial Eye Disfigurement
O’Dea, Z., & Southcott, J. E. (2023) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2023.6098 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Individual Rumination in Adult Cancer Care: A Concept Analysis
Cao, J., & Üzar‐Özçetin, Y. S. (2025) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2024.151802 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Garcés, R. G. S., Lizano, B. O. B., & Morales, Y. I. N. (2018) · revista · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Caso raro de anquilose da ATM oriunda de radioterapia: revisão sistemática de diferentes etiologias
Mesquita, B. D. S., Aulestia-Viera, P. V., Gomes, A. C. A., Andrade, E. S. D. S., Neto, F. O. G., Neto, U. E. A., & Vieira, D. D. C. (2021) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19811 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Positive Psychotherapy Inventory
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.005.0003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sessions, Practices, and the Therapeutic Process
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0006
The Centrality of Character Strengths and How to Use Them in Positive Psychotherapy
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0004
Positive Interventions and Theoretical Assumptions
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0002
Kashani, F., Mehr, S. S., Pornour, M., Movafagh, A., Akbari, M., Vaziri, S., Pourtoloei, H., Vaseghi, H., & Entezari, M. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal · doi:10.4103/ccij.ccij_86_20
Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Survivors: The Search for Predictors
Lambert, M. (2021) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-26793
Baník, G., Dědová, M., & Vargová, L. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/e2bn3
Session Fifteen: Meaning and Purpose
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0021
Session Eleven: Slowness and Savoring
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0017
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0012
Session Four: A Better Version of Me
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.003.0010
- Authors
- Ochoa, C., Casellas-Grau, A., Vives, J., Font, A., & Borràs, J.-M.
- Affiliations
- Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (ES)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Ochoa, Cristian
- Venue
- International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 28-37
- ISSN
- 1697-2600 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6236322
- OpenAlex
- W2539335273
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 8.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI15/01278, PI15/01278)
- European Regional Development Fund (PI15/01278)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Keywords
- positive psychotherapy, cancer survivors, posttraumatic growth, post-traumatic stress, emotional distress, psychological intervention, significant others, long-term follow-up, coping with cancer
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