The false positives and false negatives of generative AI detection tools in education and academic research: The case of ChatGPT

Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

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Opinion Paper: “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy

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Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models

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ChatGPT is fun, but not an author

Thorp, H. H. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adg7879 · Cited by 1,437

Generative AI and the future of education: Ragnarök or reformation? A paradoxical perspective from management educators

Lim, W. M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J. L., Pallant, J. I., & Pechenkina, E. (2023) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100790 · Cited by 1,261

Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers

Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.23.521610 · Cited by 1,099

Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to real abstracts with detectors and blinded human reviewers

Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2023) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6 · Cited by 1,099

ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove

Stokel-Walker, C. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00107-z · Cited by 868

Artificial intelligence for the metaverse: A survey

Huynh‐The, T., Pham, Q., Pham, X., Nguyen, T. T., Han, Z., & Kim, D. (2022) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105581 · Cited by 832

Towards a Human-like Open-Domain Chatbot

Adiwardana, D., Luong, M.-T., So, D. R., Hall, J., Fiedel, N., Thoppilan, R., Yang, Z., Kulshreshtha, A., Nemade, G., Lu, Y., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.09977 · Cited by 614

Academic Integrity in the Age of AI

Gallant, T. B., Davis, M., & Khan, Z. R. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009672078 · Cited by 6

Developing written communication skills in engineers in Spanish: is ChatGPT a tool or a hindrance?

Mirón-Mérida, V. A., & García‐García, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1416152 · Cited by 5

The more you think you know: AI experience, literacy, heuristics, and perceived AI authorship

Liu, S., Chu, H., Yuan, S., Sun, Y., & Men, L. R. (2025) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02643-w · Cited by 4

Generative artificial intelligence in education: ChatGPT-4 experiences to anticipated ChatGPT-5

Oriakhi, V. N., Esegbona-Isikeh, O. M., Esseme, B., Claude, A., Emakporuena, D., Nwanakwaugwu, A. C., & Matthew, U. O. (2025) · HAFED POLY Journal of Science Management and Technology · doi:10.4314/hpjsmt.v6i1.13 · Cited by 4

Integrating Ethical AI Tools into Educational Practices for Enhancing Academic Integrity

Petingola, M., Zhang, Y., Yan, Y., & Lin, W. (2025) · ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI) · doi:10.1145/3719160.3737626 · Cited by 4

Human-in-the-loop: A faculty-led model for integrating GenAI in executive economics instruction

Askari, M. (2025) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101247 · Cited by 4

Unveiling the dynamics of generative AI adoption: A business intelligence analysis through topic modeling-based bibliometric study

Aldreabi, H., Alhur, M., Al‐Okaily, M., Qasim, D., Dahdoul, N. K. S., & Shiyyab, F. S. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100456 · Cited by 5

ChatGPT and Generative AI in Educational Ecosystems

Haidar, A. (2024) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1536-1.ch004 · Cited by 4

The Erosion of Journalistic Integrity: How AI-Driven Fake News and Deepfakes Complicate Truth Verification in Journalism

Uthman, S. (2024) · International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) · doi:10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24aug1131 · Cited by 4

Research trends and the impact of ChatGPT on educational environments

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Sustainable Development Integration in Higher Education Institutions: Challenges and Opportunities in the Age of AI and Big Data

Low, D. Y. S., Shaw, K. M., & Balan, P. (2025) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.70446 · Cited by 5

Artificial Intelligence and the Medical School Admissions Interview: Strategic Guidance, Risks, and Lessons from Industrial-Organizational Psychology

MacIntosh, A., Roulin, N., Amiri, L., & Koutroulis, I. (2025) · Medical Science Educator · doi:10.1007/s40670-025-02607-1 · Cited by 3

The Role of Generative AI in Strengthening Secure Software Coding Practices: A Systematic Perspective

Alwageed, H. S., & Khan, R. A. (2025) · International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE) · doi:10.1145/3727967.3756840 · Cited by 3

AI vs. AI: The Detection Game

Coccoli, M., & Patanè, G. (2024) · IEEE International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI) · doi:10.1109/rtsi61910.2024.10761124 · Cited by 3

Artificial Intelligence in Academic Media Environment: Challenges, Trends, Innovations

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AI in ELT

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Exploring faculty adoption of ChatGPT: a stimuli-organism-response approach

Cambra‐Fierro, J., García, O. C., Blasco, M. F., López-Pérez, M., Ruz-Mendoza, M. Á., & Trifu, A. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2483415 · Cited by 4

Generative AI-driven Digital Transformation in Education: Systematic Review and Future Research Directions

Bui, N., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, N. D. K., & Hoang, C. C. (2024) · International Conference on Logistics and Industrial Engineering (ICLIE) · doi:10.1109/iclie61478.2024.11015358 · Cited by 3

Capítulo 6: El impacto de la inteligencia artificial y el Chatgpt en el sector educativo: una revisión bibliométrica

de Tacna, U. P., Bedoya-Chanove, J. D. C., Rodríguez, N. C. V., de Tacna, U. P., Álvarez, G. L. C., de Tacna, U. P., Parodi, K. V., & de Tacna, U. P. (2023) · doi:10.59899/ges-cono-60-c6 · Cited by 3

Generative AI, Ethics, and Language Learning

Matthews, B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51447-0_94-1 · Cited by 3

Using aggregated AI detector outcomes to eliminate false-positives in STEM-student writing.

Hyatt, J.-P. K., Bienenstock, E. J., Firetto, C. M., Woods, E. R., & Comus, R. C. (2025) · Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00235.2024 · Cited by 4

Generative Artificial Intelligence Systems and the Challenges in Latin American Education

Veloz, R. B. U., Arteaga, W. A. Y., Gavilánez, E. O. C., & Salazar, J. L. V. (2024) · Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture · doi:10.70082/esiculture.vi.1352 · Cited by 3

A “Delve” into the evidence of AI in production of academic business literature

Deike, M. (2024) · Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship · doi:10.1080/08963568.2024.2420300 · Cited by 3

N-Gram Perplexity-Based AI-Generated Text Detection

Dmitrii, P., Mestetsky, L., & Grabovoy, A. (2024) · Ivannikov ISPRAS Open Conference (ISPRAS) · doi:10.1109/ispras64596.2024.10899150 · Cited by 2

Transforming Internal Auditing: Harnessing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Technology

Stumke, O., & Ndlovu, F. (2025) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2025.0160478 · Cited by 2

University teachers’ perceptions, experiences and implications for using ChatGPT in ESL

Чугай, О., Lytovchenko, I., & Степанівна, С. О. (2025) · Texto Livre Linguagem e Tecnologia · doi:10.1590/1983-3652.2025.56839 · Cited by 2

Transient level determination with machine learning for pressurized water reactor VVER-1000

Yavuz, C., & Lüle, S. Ş. (2025) · Annals of Nuclear Energy · doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2025.111908 · Cited by 2

Unveiling the thematic landscape of generative AI: a bibliometric analysis of emergingresearch trends

P, A. M., Dileep Kumar, M., Sharma, V., Tripathi, R., & Badjatia, A. (2025) · Information Discovery and Delivery · doi:10.1108/idd-05-2025-0111 · Cited by 2

“How about our stance?”: college students’ stance on using artificial intelligence educational tools

Bringula, R. P., Trillanes, A. O., & Catacutan-Bangit, A. E. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13859-0 · Cited by 2

Novelty First Policy-Based Intelligent Review Framework (IRF) for the Evaluation of Research Proposals

Lathabai, H. H., Raghu Raman, R., & Nedungadi, P. (2026) · Publications · doi:10.3390/publications14020032 · Cited by 2

Integrating ChatGPT into Education: Exploring its Pedagogical Impact and Potential

Vilema, M. D. I., Rivera, M. P. T., Flores, J. M. C., & Cajo, I. M. H. (2023) · MIGRATION LETTERS · doi:10.59670/ml.v21is1.6007 · Cited by 2

The ChatGPT: Revolutionizing Research with AI

Brítez, M., ENRIQUE, M. C., & LILIAM, A. (2024) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420230862 · Cited by 6

Can instructors detect AI-generated papers? Postsecondary writing instructor knowledge and perceptions of AI

Murray, N., & Tersigni, E. (2024) · Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching · doi:10.37074/jalt.2024.7.2.12 · Cited by 6

Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Better Programming Error Explanations

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Can Artificial Intelligence Diagnose Knee Osteoarthritis?

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Effects of ChatGPT-flipped instruction on the academic performance and self-regulated skill of L2 pre-service teachers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Amuseghan, S. A., & Emmanuel, I. F. (2025) · The Hungarian Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1556/063.2025.00389 · Cited by 2

ChatGPT in Assessing Writing

Aryadoust, V., & Jia, Y. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51447-0_201-1 · Cited by 2

Generative AI, Ethics, and Language Learning

Matthews, B., & Mohamed, M. S. P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51447-0_94-2 · Cited by 2

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Listening Assessment

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AI Detection Tools: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence and Their Implications for Education

CANER, H. N. (2025) · Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.5782/2223-2621.1580 · Cited by 2

A Review of the Role and Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Education

Qi, Y. (2024) · International Conference on Educational Technology Management (ICETM) · doi:10.1145/3711403.3711435 · Cited by 3

Critical AI Literacy Development in Business Schools: An Interiority-Infused Action Research Framework for Collective Empowerment

Nzembayie, K. F. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0897-301620250000031004 · Cited by 1

Brainstorming Based on ChatGPT in Developing Generative Thinking among Students Considering Bring Your Own Device Policy

Aldalalah, O. M. A. (2025) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.6.2314 · Cited by 1

Pandora's Box Reopened: Can Generative AI Restore Hope or Result in a Decline in the Quest for Academic Integrity

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Artificial Intelligence in Applied Linguistics Research: A Bibliometric Study Tracing Between the Years of 2017 and 2024

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Bridging the engagement gap in B2B marketing education: Integrating storytelling and AI

Malhan, M. (2025) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101279 · Cited by 1

Generative AI: Recommendations to Address Challenges in a New Wave of Digital Transformation in Higher Education

Bobula, M. (2025) · Bridging human and machine: future education with intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0950-8_13 · Cited by 1

“ChatGPT Should be Used as a Tool, But Not Mistaken for a Crutch”: Engineering Students' Ethical Perspectives After Using GenAI in an Introductory Course

Bego, C. R., Trytten, D., & Nwokeji, J. C. (2025) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328287 · Cited by 1

Perceptions and Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Among Criminal Justice Students

Nodeland, B., Saber, M., & Wall, R. (2026) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511253.2026.2640902 · Cited by 1

"You're not learning": A layered formative intervention to turn AI misuse into a learning opportunity

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Minds versus machines: ten axioms for planning practice and research in the age of large language models

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A preliminary investigation of intentions to engage in academic misconduct using generative artificial intelligence tools

Baig, M., & Paparo, J. (2026) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2026.2663440 · Cited by 2

Ethical issues of large language models: a multi-level thematic synthesis of the academic literature

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Automating Research in Higher Education

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Combine DGBL with AI system: A Technical Guidance to Reduce Teacher’ s Burden in Digital Game-based Learning

Yue, L., & Guo, L. (2023) · European Conference on Games Based Learning · doi:10.34190/ecgbl.17.1.1892 · Cited by 1

Integrating ChatGPT into Education: Exploring its Pedagogical Impact and Potential

Vilema, M. D. I., Rivera, M. P. T., Flores, J. M. C., & Cajo, M. H. (2023) · MIGRATION LETTERS · doi:10.59670/ml.v21is1.6076 · Cited by 2

Accelerated the Mechanics of Science and Insight through Mind Genomics and AI: Policy for the Citrus Industry

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Accelerated the Mechanics of Science and Insight through Mind Genomics and AI: Policy for the Citrus Industry

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An Academic Librarian’s Experience Using Text-Matching Software as a Teaching Tool

Earp, V. J. (2024) · Ethics and integrity in educational contexts · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65731-3_4 · Cited by 1

A Practical Study of Generative AI Tools for Higher Education Innovative Transformation

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Challenges of Using Generative AI Tools in Developing Multimedia-Based Learning Environments: Experts' Perspectives

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Detecting LLM-Generated Short Answers and Effects on Learner Performance

Bhushan, S., Thomas, D. R., Borchers, C., Raghuvanshi, I., Abboud, R., Gatz, E. E., Gupta, S., & Koedinger, K. R. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03870-8_4 · Cited by 1

Chat-Gpt Dependency Syndrome: Psychometric Analysis of Negative Academic, Social, and Emotional Consequences for the Students of Management in Higher EducationPreprint

Saif, N., Ali, S., Shaheen, I., Khan, I. U., Khan, S. U., & Khan, M. U. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4855571 · Cited by 3

Into the Unknown: Developing AI Policies for the Student Research Journal

Hoffeditz, M. (2024) · School of Information Student Research Journal · doi:10.55917/2575-2499.1534 · Cited by 1

The Double-Edged Sword of Automation: Impact of Generative AI Adoption on Student's Critical Thinking Skills in Higher Education Considering Cognitive Offloading as a Mediator

Jaffar, Z. F., Alvi, A., Rahim, A., Ambreen, S., & Jaffar, M. M. (2026) · Journal of Language, Literature & Social Affairs · doi:10.63056/jllsa.2.5.2026.253

With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility: AI and Its Future in Medical Education

Pradhan, F., Ravipati, P., & Benton-Slocum, Z. P. (2023) · Graduate Medical Education Research Journal · doi:10.32873/unmc.dc.gmerj.5.2.015

Exploring The Implications And Opportunities Of The Transformation Of University Modalities With The Incorporation Of Chatgpt In Higher Education

Torres, A. Y., Huanca, M. Q., Apaza, F. W. M., & Apaza, J. F. (2024) · MIGRATION LETTERS · doi:10.59670/ml.v20i8.7286

The performance of artificial intelligence in the exams of tourist guidance

Ülkü, A. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism · doi:10.31822/jomat.2024-9-3-231

Accentuate the Positive: Exploratory Case Study of ChatGPT as a Complementary Learning Tool

Barrett, G., Fitzgerald, C., & Ryan, M. (2024) · Lecture notes in educational technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6136-4_13

Empowering Education with Generative Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges

Darwish, A., Hassanien, A. E., & Jemni, M. (2024) · Lecture notes in educational technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_4

ChatGPT Calls for Self Reflection: Student Perceptions of Evaluation Activities in Video

Hayashi, V. T., & Paiva, H. M. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering · doi:10.1109/tale62452.2024.10834346 · Cited by 1

Analysis Effects of ChatGPT Towards Education in Indonesia

Madyatmadja, E. D., Lewis, B., Ongko, R., Nurrahman, F., Jenifer, & Pristinella, D. (2024) · International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR) · doi:10.1109/icbir61386.2024.10875693

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence on Educational Climate and Students’ Academic Achievement

Chanpokin, R., & Lomarda, E. Y. (2025) · Psychology and Education A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.70838/pemj.350509

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"I Just Don't Want My Work Being Fed Into The AI Blender": Queer Artists on Refusing and Resisting Generative AI

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