Changes in and predictors of severity of fatigue in women with breast cancer: A longitudinal study
Abstract
Background Fatigue is the most common symptom experienced by cancer patients. However, longitudinal studies of changes in the severity and predictors of fatigue are limited.Objectives The purposes of this study were to evaluate changes in fatigue severity in women with breast cancer prior to and for twelve months after surgery. Factors that affected the severity and the trajectory of fatigue were identified.Design, settings, participants This observational prospective study approached 334 women who were scheduled for breast cancer surgery in a medical center located in northern Taiwan. Among the 334 women, 239 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The final sample size used for the data analysis was 200.Methods Fatigue, depressive symptom, and symptom distress were evaluated in women prior to and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after surgery for breast cancer. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was applied where level-1 data consisted of repeated observations of study variables within each subject and level-2 data consisted of static characteristics of individual subject.Results The fatigue levels ranged from 1.92 to 3.09. Changes in fatigue severity demonstrated a quadratic trajectory that increased and reached the peak at the second month after the surgery, followed by a gradual decreased. After adjusting for the effect of receipt of chemotherapy, symptom distress, and depressive symptom, the quadratic change pattern for fatigue became imperceptible. Women who had a partial mastectomy (P=0.028), had a higher educational level (P=0.048), were married (P=0.043), and had poorer functional performance at diagnosis (P=0.043) had higher levels of fatigue.Conclusions Patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer reported mild to moderate levels of fatigue over a period of 12 months. Fatigue levels fluctuated with patients' level of depressive symptoms, symptom distress, and receipt of chemotherapy.
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Other significant predictors of CPSP and fatigue involve depression, stress, and optimism.
“Other significant predictors involve depression, stress, and optimism [12,20,27].”
One study reported high levels of fatigue in the first two months after breast cancer surgery, followed by mild-to-moderate levels of fatigue persisting 12 months after surgery.
“One of the few studies investigating chronic fatigue after breast cancer surgery reported high levels of fatigue in the first two months after surgery, followed by mild-to-moderate levels of fatigue that persisted 12 months after surgery [12].”
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- Authors
- Huang, H.-P., Chen, M.-L., Liang, J., & Miaskowski, C.
- Affiliations
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (TW)
- Chang Gung University (TW)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Mei-Ling
- Venue
- International Journal of Nursing Studies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 582-592
- ISSN
- 0020-7489 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988574532
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Nursing Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Keywords
- cancer-related fatigue, breast cancer, breast cancer surgery, fatigue trajectories, predictors of fatigue, depressive symptoms, symptom distress, chemotherapy, partial mastectomy, functional performance, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Breast Neoplasms, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index
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