Is dialysis a reliable method for studying drug release from nanoparticulate systems?—A case study
Abstract
The kinetics of in vitro drug release from nanoparticulate systems is extensive, though uncritically, being studied by dialysis. Evaluating the actual relevance of dialysis data to drug release was the purpose of this study. Diclofenac- or ofloxacin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles crosslinked with tripolyphosphate were prepared and characterized. With each drug, dynamic dialysis was applied to nanoparticle dispersion, solution containing dissolved chitosan·HCl, and solution of plain drug. Drug kinetics in receiving phase (KRP), nanoparticle matrix (KNM) and nanoparticle dispersion medium (KDM) were determined. Release of each drug from nanoparticles was also assessed by ultracentrifugation. Although KRP data may be interpreted in terms of sustained release from nanoparticles, KNM and KDM data show that, with both drugs, the process was in fact controlled by permeation across dialysis membrane. Analysis of KRP data reveals a reversible interaction of diclofenac with dispersed nanoparticle surface, similar to the interaction of this drug with dissolved chitosan·HCl. No such interactions are noticed with ofloxacin. The results from the ultracentrifugation method agree with the above interpretation of dialysis data. This case study shows that dialysis data from a nanoparticle dispersion is not necessarily descriptive of sustained-release from nanoparticles, hence, if interpreted uncritically, it may be misleading.
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- Authors
- Zambito, Y., Pedreschi, E., & Di Colo, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Zambito, Y.
- Venue
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 434
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 28-34
- ISSN
- 0378-5173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037818300
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pisa
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- dialysis, drug release kinetics, chitosan nanoparticles, sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinking, diclofenac, ofloxacin, drug-nanoparticle interaction, sustained drug release, ultracentrifugation, nanoparticle dispersion
- MeSH terms
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Cross-Linking Reagents, Delayed-Action Preparations, Dialysis, Diclofenac, Drug Carriers, Kinetics, Polyphosphates, Technology, Pharmaceutical, Ultracentrifugation, Reproducibility of Results, Ofloxacin, Chitosan, Nanoparticles
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