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IL-6-STAT3 Controls Intracellular MHC Class II αβ Dimer Level through Cathepsin S Activity in Dendritic Cells
Open accessAbstract
We found IL-6-STAT3 pathway suppresses MHC class II (MHCII) expression on dendritic cells (DCs) and attenuates T cell activation. Here, we showed that IL-6-STAT3 signaling reduced intracellular MHCII alphabeta dimmer, Ii, and H2-DM levels in DCs. IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation decreased cystatin C level, an endogenous inhibitor of cathepsins, and enhanced cathepsin activities. Importantly, cathepsin S inhibitors blocked reduction of MHCII alphabeta dimer, Ii, and H2-DM in the IL-6-treated DCs. Overexpression of cystatin C suppressed IL-6-STAT3-mediated increase of cathepsin S activity and reduction of MHCII alphabeta dimer, Ii, and H2-DM levels in DCs. Cathepsin S overexpression in DCs decreased intracellular MHCII alphabeta dimer, Ii, and H2-DM levels, LPS-mediated surface expression of MHCII and suppressed CD4(+) T cell activation. IL-6-gp130-STAT3 signaling in vivo decreased cystatin C expression and MHCII alphabeta dimer level in DCs. Thus, IL-6-STAT3-mediated increase of cathepsin S activity reduces the MHCII alphabeta dimer, Ii, and H2-DM levels in DCs, and suppresses CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune responses.
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“CyC is a known potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases,74 such as those involved in antigen presentation,75”
From Cystatin C is glucocorticoid responsive, directs recruitment of Trem2+ macrophages, and predicts failure of cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [75]
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IL-6 and Inflammatory Diseases
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“have demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-6 can induce immune suppression by downregulating the expression of MHC II on the DCs [20].”
BackgroundPostponing tumor onset and tumor progression can be achieved by alteration of local tumor immunity
Mei, Y., Wang, M.-D., Lu, G., Li, J.-C., Peng, L.-X., Lang, Y., Yang, M.-M., Jiang, L., Li, C.-Z., Zheng, L.-S., et al. (2021) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-021-01765-7 · Cited by 7
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“As inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-6, and IFN-g have been reported to influence cathepsin activity in macrophages and DCs [22-24], we evaluated the association between plasma cytokine profiles and cathepsin expression in our GVHD model.”
Background[Cystatin C: current step and future prospects].
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“Also, IL-6, TNFα and interferon- γ increase cathepsin S activity and secretion in adipose tissue [24], macrophages [27], keratinocytes [28], dendritic cells [29], lungs [30] and atherosclerotic lesions [31].”
BackgroundInjectable PLGA Systems for Delivery of Vaccine Antigens
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Acquired resistance to PD-L1 inhibition enhances a type I IFN-regulated secretory program in tumors
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“…of pro-angiogenic factors in tumor cells (e.g., VEGF, IL1 β , IL8 (Lederle et al, 2011)), (ii) suppressing antigen presentation from dendritic cells (Kitamura et al, 2005), (iii) promoting pro-tumorigenic macrophage phenotypes (Fu et al, 2017), and (iv) suppressing anti-tumor functions of CD4 + T…”
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“Interestingly, the expressions of p-STAT3 and cathepsin S (CTSS), a potential downstream target of p-STAT3 known to regulate MHC-II expression [17], were upregulated following CRF treatment.”
BackgroundResultHepatic Stellate Cells and Hepatocytes as Liver Antigen-Presenting Cells during B. abortus Infection
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Exploration de la fonction glomérulaire rénale : estimation du débit de filtration glomérulaire
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Cell-type specific regulation of MARCH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10
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“MHC-II, the invariant chain and HLA-DM [24].”
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Essential Oil of Citrus sudachi Suppresses T Cell Activation Both In Vitro and In Vivo.
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Signaling of Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression of Dendritic Cells
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The Reverse-Direction Method Links Mass Experimental Data to Human Diseases
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“Because IL-6 is known to regulate the immune system, we considered at first that IL-6 directly activates immune cells for the disease development, but surprisingly found that IL-6 in fact inactivates these cells (Atsumi et al. 2009; Kitamura et al. 2005; Park et al. 2004).”
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A Role for STAT3 in Dendritic Cell Regulation by Tumor-Derived Factors
Gabrilovich, D. I. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88611-4_10 · Cited by 1
“Cathepsin S inhibitors blocked the effect of IL-6 on MHC class II in DC and the overexpression of cystatin C suppressed IL-6–STAT3-mediated increase of cathepsin S activity and the reduction of MHC class IIb, Ii, and H2-DM levels in DC ( Kitamura et al. 2005 ).”
BackgroundWu, H.-E., Su, F., Li, C., Guo, C.-F., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1937685
“STAT3-related regulation is cytokine dependent: IL-6 – STAT3 signaling enhances cathepsin activity partly by reducing cystatin C (36), whereas IL-10 – STAT3 signaling suppresses IFN-g -induced CTSS-dependent MHC-II responses in macrophages (37).”
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Self-citationTumor Progression, Parallel Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
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Cellular Immunotherapy Using Dendritic Cells in Multiple Myeloma: New Concept to Enhance Efficacy
Lee, J.-J., Lee, Y.-K., Lee, H.-J., Jung, S.-H., & Nguyen-Pham, T.-N. (2013) · doi:10.5772/54100
“This process can influence STAT3 and ERK phosphorylation, resulting in hyperactivation of STAT3 and ERK, which may be responsible for defective generation of DCs [74].”
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Regulation of Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells and Its Application to Cancer Immunotherapy
Kitamura, H., Ohtake, J., Kaneumi, S., Ohno, Y., Kishikawa, T., Terada, S., & Sumida, K. (2015) · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55327-4_15
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kitamura, H., Kamon, H., Sawa, S.-I., Park, S.-J., Katunuma, N., Ishihara, K., Murakami, M., & Hirano, T.
- Affiliations
- RIKEN (JP)
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Tokushima Bunri University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hirano, Toshio
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 491-502
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2074991167
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- IL-6/STAT3 signaling, cathepsin S, dendritic cells, cystatin C, Ii, T cell activation, gp130, LPS, antigen presentation, CD4+ T cells, immunosuppression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Cathepsins, Cells, Cultured, Dendritic Cells, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Transgenic, RNA, Messenger, Signal Transduction, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Interleukin-6, Up-Regulation, Cystatins, Dimerization, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mice
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