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The mTOR Kinase Determines Effector versus Memory CD8+ T Cell Fate by Regulating the Expression of Transcription Factors T-bet and Eomesodermin
Open accessAbstract
The mechanisms underpinning integration of instructions that program naive CD8+ T cells for effector and/or memory differentiation are not well understood. Herein, we demonstrate that interleukin-12 (IL-12) enhanced and sustained antigen and costimulatory molecule (B7.1)-induced mTOR kinase activity in naive CD8+ (OT-I) T cells via phosphoinositide 3-kinase and STAT4 transcription factor pathways. Blocking mTOR activity by rapamycin reversed IL-12-induced effector functions because of loss of persistent expression of the transcription factor T-bet. Rapamycin treatment of IL-12-conditioned OT-I cells promoted persistent Eomesodermin expression and produced memory cell precursors that demonstrated enhanced sustenance and antigen-recall responses upon adoptive transfer. The memory cell precursors showed greater tumor efficacy than IL-12-conditioned effector OT-I cells. These results identify mTOR as the central regulator of transcriptional programs that determine effector and/or memory cell fates in CD8+ T cells. Targeting mTOR activity offers new opportunities to regulate CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity.
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“Consistent with this, the drug rapamycin, which also inhibits mTORC1, enhances the generation of CD8 TM cells (17, 19, 20).”
From Fueling Immunity: Insights into Metabolism and Lymphocyte Function (2013) · cites this paper as [19]
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Cites
TOR signaling in growth and metabolism
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BackgroundInfluentialUpstream and downstream of mTOR
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“The T-box transcription factors T-bet (Tbx21), and Eomes were previously reported to reciprocally control memory precursor effector cells (Eomes), and short-lived effector cells (SLEC) (Tbet) differentiation, respectively (6, 42, 53).”
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“This heterogeneity might be partially explained by increased T cell receptor signaling [17], abundance of inflammatory cytokines, like IL-12 [18], or heightened mTOR kinase activity [19], which favor the induction of T-bet in CTLs while repressing Eomes.”
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“There had also been identified that mTOR as the central regulator of transcriptional programs that determine effector and/ or memory cell fates in CD8+ T‐cells.[12] The findings of the current study demonstrated that T-bet was significantly increased in the immunocompromised animals with a fungal infection, especially…”
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IL-12 is required for mTOR regulation of memory CTLs during viral infection
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Disparate Roles for STAT5 in Primary and Secondary CTL Responses
Mitchell, D. M., & Williams, M. A. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202674 · Cited by 11
Dietary Fat Inflames CD4 + T Cell Memory in Obesity
Chapman, N. M., & Chi, H. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.012 · Cited by 10
“Further work could dissect how CXCR3 expression is induced on TM cells within the HFD environment; one candidate is the mTORC1-Tbet axis (Rao et al., 2010), although TCR-inducible mTORC1 activation is not further activated by HFD (Mauro et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMiyakoda, M., Honma, K., Kimura, D., Akbari, M., Kimura, K., Matsuyama, T., & Yui, K. (2018) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201747120 · Cited by 10
T follicular helper and memory cell responses and the mTOR pathway in murine heart transplantation
Xie, A., Yan, H., Fu, J., He, A., Xiao, X., Li, X. C., & Chen, W. (2019) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.healun.2019.11.017 · Cited by 10
“have shown that rapamycin also enhance Eomes expression to promote memory CD8+ T-cell generation (21).”
BackgroundAssociating Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies: Facts and Hopes
Ladoire, S., Rébé, C., & Ghiringhelli, F. (2022) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1184 · Cited by 10
How does the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) influence CD8 T-cell differentiation?
Salmond, R. J., & Zamoyska, R. (2010) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.9.15.12358 · Cited by 10
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“Recent evidence suggests that IL-12 can affect memory / effect CD8+ T phenotype differentiation by regulating T-bet and Eomes [14].”
BackgroundTarasova, O. A., Petrou, A., Ivanov, S. M., Geronikaki, A. A., & Poroikov, V. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25179408 · Cited by 9
“Generation of CD8+ effector T cells is thought to be regulated by mTORC1 activity [118–120].”
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CD8+ T-cell senescence: no role for mTOR
Henson, S. M. (2015) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20150092 · Cited by 9
Moraschi, B. F., Noronha, I. H., Ferreira, C. P., Cariste, L. M., Monteiro, C. B., Denapoli, P. M. A., Vrechi, T. A. D. M., Pereira, G. J. S., Gazzinelli, R. T., Lannes-Vieira, J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.676183 · Cited by 9
“, 2007), several studies have reported that mTOR inhibition by treatment with low and continuous doses of rapamycin during the immune challenge of CD8 T cells could improve the function and memory formation following viral infections or tumor challenges (Araki et al., 2009; Rao et al., 2010; Li et al., 2011; Turner et…”
BackgroundHosoi, H., Ikeda, H., Imai, N., Amaike, C., Wang, L., Orito, Y., Yamane, M., Ueno, H., Ideno, M., Nukaya, I., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201343969 · Cited by 9
Can Immunosuppressive Strategies Be Used to Reduce Cancer Risk in Renal Transplant Patients?
Geissler, E. K. (2010) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.004 · Cited by 9
Transcriptome profiling of CTLs regulated by rapamycin using RNA-Seq
Mattson, E., Xu, L., Li, L., Liu, G. E., & Xiao, Z. (2014) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-014-0790-5 · Cited by 9
“In addition, IL-12 can program memory CTLs in in vitro activation (Rao et al. 2010; Xiao et al. 2009), suggesting that programming of memory CTLs may take place during early activation, as demonstrated in some infections (Badovinac et al.”
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“Further, it has been suggested that treating or exposing these cells to small molecules that signal through Wnt [6, 13], Akt [1, 14-16] and mTOR inhibitors [12, 17-19] might contribute to the same effects.”
BackgroundThe expanding Pandora’s toolbox of CD8+T cell: from transcriptional control to metabolic firing
Wu, J., Lü, Z., Zhao, H. C., Lu, M., Gao, Q. S., Che, N., Wang, J., & Ma, T. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04775-3 · Cited by 11
“The results showed that T-bet had the highest expression level on effector CD8 + T cells, Eomes has the highest expression level on effector memory T cells [31– 34].”
BackgroundResultBranched chain amino acids and their aberrant metabolism in cancer
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Self-citationApproaches of T Cell Activation and Differentiation for CAR-T Cell Therapies
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A Case Report of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer
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Wnt signaling inhibits CTL memory programming
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The Multifaceted Roles of Autophagy in Infectious, Obstructive, and Malignant Airway Diseases
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“In contrast, blocking mTOR activity promotes the expression of Eomes, Bcl-2, and CD62L, which leads to increased memory generation and KLRG1 cells (27).”
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“The pathway is important in the expression of transcription factors that regulate CD8 T-cell activation and autophagy, and enhance the development of T-cell memory [73].”
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“In CD8+ T cells, mTOR has been shown to play a role in regulating the generation of memory cells (13, 4).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rao, R. R., Li, Q., Odunsi, K., & Shrikant, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shrikant, Protul A.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-78
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5836496
- OpenAlex
- W2059689009
- Cited by
- 656
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 25.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA158318, R01CA104645, P30CA016056)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Keywords
- mTOR kinase, CD8+ T cells, T-bet, Eomesodermin, IL-12, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, STAT4, rapamycin, naive T cell differentiation, cancer immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- T-bet Transcription Factor, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Immunologic Memory, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Transgenic, Transduction, Genetic, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, T-Box Domain Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mice, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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