Cited by 346Diabetes and associated disordersT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyDiabetes Management and Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 101 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prediction and Pathogenesis in Type 1 Diabetes

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Abstract

A combination of genetic and immunological features is useful for prediction of autoimmune diabetes. Patterns of immune response correspond to the progression from a preclinical phase of disease to end-stage islet damage, with biomarkers indicating transition from susceptibility to active autoimmunity, and to a final loss of immune regulation. Here, we review the markers that provide evidence for immunological checkpoint failure and that also provide tools for assessment of individualized disease risk. When viewed in the context of genetic variation that influences immune response thresholds, progression from susceptibility to overt disease displays predictable modalities of clinical presentation resulting from a sequential series of failed homeostatic checkpoints for selection and activation of immunity.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.03.018

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Metadata

Authors
Ziegler, A.-G., & Nepom, G. T.
Affiliations
  • TUM Klinikum (DE)
  • Benaroya Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author
  • Ziegler, Anette-G.
  • Nepom, Gerald T.
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-04
Volume
32
Issue
4
Pages
468-478
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2047768051
Cited by
346
References
101
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 25
FWCI
3.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
  • Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
type 1 diabetes, autoimmune diabetes, disease prediction, pathogenesis, genetic susceptibility, immune response, biomarkers, immune checkpoint, immune regulation, islet autoimmunity, disease risk assessment, preclinical stage, immune homeostasis
MeSH terms
Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Risk Factors, Genetic Variation, Biomarkers, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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