The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Foster Potent Antigen-Specific Germinal Center Responses Associated with Neutralizing Antibody Generation
Open accessAbstract
The deployment of effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to eradicate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many licensed vaccines confer protection by inducing long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) and memory B cells (MBCs), cell types canonically generated during germinal center (GC) reactions. Here, we directly compared two vaccine platforms-mRNA vaccines and a recombinant protein formulated with an MF59-like adjuvant-looking for their abilities to quantitatively and qualitatively shape SARS-CoV-2-specific primary GC responses over time. We demonstrated that a single immunization with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA, but not with the recombinant protein vaccine, elicited potent SARS-CoV-2-specific GC B and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell responses as well as LLPCs and MBCs. Importantly, GC responses strongly correlated with neutralizing antibody production. mRNA vaccines more efficiently induced key regulators of the Tfh cell program and influenced the functional properties of Tfh cells. Overall, this study identifies SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines as strong candidates for promoting robust GC-derived immune responses.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Our data in humans corroborate reports that demonstrate the induction of potent germinal centre responses by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines in mice22,23.”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, a persistent antigen-specific germinal center B cell response and plasmablast response in blood and draining lymph nodes are elicited after vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 LNP-mRNA in humans, leading to the development of a robust and prolonged humoral immunity.53,58”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“The germinal center B cell response and its regulation by CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are of key importance for high-affinity neutralization antibody titers and long-lasting B cell responses.53,54”
From COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments (2022) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“in which their absolute numbers correlated with the levels of neutralizing antibodies [74].”
From The dawn of mRNA vaccines: the COVID-19 case (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“Pardi and colleagues recently demonstrated that a single immunization of mice with 1mΨ-modified mRNA LNP vaccines could elicit potent S-specific GC B cells and Tfh cells”
From The dawn of mRNA vaccines: the COVID-19 case (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic.
Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397 · Cited by 8,022 · cited 1×
“The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a pandemic in March 2020 (Cucinotta and Vanelli, 2020) and has led to a worldwide health emergency, calling for rapid and efficient countermeasures.”
mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology
Pardi, N., Hogan, M. J., Porter, F. W., & Weissman, D. (2018) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.243 · Cited by 4,667 · cited 4×
“First, mRNA-encoding SARS-CoV-2 antigens are translated into proteins directly in the host cells (Pardi et al., 2018b), and it was shown for the LucmRNA control vaccine that Luciferase expression is detectable for at least 10 days after injection (Pardi et al.”
InfluentialSelf-citationGrifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 · Cited by 3,595 · cited 1×
“This finding is in line with recently reported correlations of antigenspecific CD4 T cells (Grifoni et al., 2020) and circulating Tfh cells (Mathew et al.”
Self-citationAn mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Coler, R. N., McCullough, M. P., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2022483 · Cited by 3,237
RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 Selected for a Pivotal Efficacy Study
Walsh, E. E., Frenck, R., Falsey, A. R., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Neuzil, K., Mulligan, M. J., Bailey, R., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651 · Cited by 2,615 · cited 2×
“…Abs (nAbs) (Laczkó et al., 2020), as well as by similar findings on SARS-CoV-2mRNA vaccine candidates currently in clinical trials (Anderson et al., 2020; Corbett et al., 2020a; 2020b; Jackson et al., 2020; Mulligan et al., 2020a; Sahin et al., 2020; Walsh et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020).”
COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses
Sahin, U., Muik, A., Derhovanessian, E., Vogler, I., Kranz, L. M., Vormehr, M., Baum, A., Pascal, K., Quandt, J., Maurus, D., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7 · Cited by 1,977 · cited 6×
“The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine field is moving at a fast pace, and several preclinical and clinical studies have been published thus far reporting a limited characterization of the immune responses induced by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates (Corbett et al., 2020b; 2020a; Gao et al., 2020; Jackson et al., 2020; Laczkó et al.…”
InfluentialInterferon-γ and B Cell Stimulatory Factor-1 Reciprocally Regulate Ig Isotype Production
Snapper, C. M., & Paul, W. E. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3107127 · Cited by 1,927 · cited 1×
“Conversely, Th1 polarized responses are linked to IgG2 Ab production (Reinhardt et al., 2009; Snapper and Paul, 1987; Stevens et al., 1988).”
A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans
Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T. H. O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., Jiang, K., Arunkumar, G. A., Jurczyszak, D., Polanco, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5 · Cited by 1,769
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Design Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness
Corbett, K. S., Edwards, D. K., Leist, S. R., Abiona, O. M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R. A., Himansu, S., Schäfer, A., Ziwawo, C. T., DiPiazza, A. T., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0 · Cited by 1,615 · cited 4×
“…Abs (nAbs) (Laczkó et al., 2020), as well as by similar findings on SARS-CoV-2mRNA vaccine candidates currently in clinical trials (Anderson et al., 2020; Corbett et al., 2020a; 2020b; Jackson et al., 2020; Mulligan et al., 2020a; Sahin et al., 2020; Walsh et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020).”
InfluentialT follicular helper cell biology: a decade of discovery and diseases
Crotty, S. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.011 · Cited by 1,591 · cited 10×
“SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Are Superior in Comparison to rRBD-AddaVax Vaccine at Inducing SARS-CoV-2-Specific Tfh Cells Tfh cells are key regulators of GC responses (Crotty, 2019; Vinuesa et al., 2016).”
Influential
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Mulligan, 2020, Phase I/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults, Nature, 586, 589, 10.1038/s41586-020-2639-4 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation
Chaudhary, N., Weissman, D., & Whitehead, K. A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-021-00283-5 · Cited by 1,555
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses
Turner, J. S., O’Halloran, J. A., Kalaidina, E., Kim, W., Schmitz, A. J., Zhou, J. Q., Lei, T., Thapa, M., Chen, R. E., Case, J. B., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03738-2 · Cited by 831
Self-citationAge-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2
Collier, D. A., Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Kotagiri, P., Datir, R. P., Lim, E. Y., Touizer, E., Meng, B., Abdullahi, A., The CITIID-NIHR BioResource COVID-19 Collaboration, Principal Investigators, et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03739-1 · Cited by 751
Alameh, M.-G., Tombácz, I., Bettini, E., Lederer, K., Ndeupen, S., Sittplangkoon, C., Wilmore, J. R., Gaudette, B. T., Soliman, O. Y., Pine, M., et al. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.001 · Cited by 775
“Fluorescently-labeled recombinant RBD protein was prepared as previously described (Laczkó et al., 2020; Lederer et al., 2020).”
InfluentialSelf-citationNdeupen, S., Qin, Z., Jacobsen, S., Bouteau, A., Estanbouli, H., & Igyártó, B. Z. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103479 · Cited by 678
Metadata
- Authors
- Lederer, K., Castaño, D., Gómez Atria, D., Oguin, T. H., Wang, S., Manzoni, T. B., Muramatsu, H., Hogan, M. J., Amanat, F., Cherubin, P., Lundgreen, K. A., Tam, Y. K., Fan, S. H. Y., Eisenlohr, L. C., Maillard, I., Weissman, D., Bates, P., Krammer, F., Sempowski, G. D., Pardi, N., & Locci, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Universidad de Antioquia (CO)
- Duke University (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Acuitas Therapeutics (Canada) (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Locci, Michela
- ORCID
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1281-1295.e5
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7680029
- OpenAlex
- W3109969518
- Cited by
- 383
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 8.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repository University of Antioquia (University of Antioquia) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA vaccines, recombinant protein vaccine, MF59 adjuvant, germinal center reaction, T follicular helper cells, long-lived plasma cells, memory B cells, neutralizing antibodies, B cell response, vaccine platform comparison
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, mRNA Vaccines, Epitopes, Antigens, Viral, B-Lymphocytes, Cells, Cultured, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation, Polysorbates, Recombinant Proteins, RNA, Viral, Squalene, Vaccination, Vaccines, Synthetic, Germinal Center, Antibodies, Neutralizing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
