Cited by 1,591T-cell and B-cell ImmunologyPsoriasis: Treatment and PathogenesisImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

T follicular helper cell biology: a decade of discovery and diseases

Open access
Crotty, Shane·2019·Immunity

Abstract

Helping B cells and antibody responses is a major function of CD4+ T cells. It has been 10 years since the publication of Bcl6 as the lineage-defining transcription factor for T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation and the requirement of Tfh cells as the specialized subset of CD4+ T cells needed for germinal centers (the microanatomical sites of B cell mutation and antibody affinity maturation) and related B cell responses. A great deal has been learned about Tfh cells in the past 10 years, particularly regarding their roles in a surprising range of diseases. Advances in the understanding of Tfh cell differentiation and function are discussed, as are the understanding of Tfh cells in infectious diseases, vaccines, autoimmune diseases, allergies, atherosclerosis, organ transplants, and cancer. This includes discussion of Tfh cells in the human immune system. Based on the discoveries to date, the next decade of Tfh research surely holds many more surprises. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.011

Cites

205 of 205 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Crotty, S.
Affiliations
Scripps Research Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Crotty, Shane
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-05
Volume
50
Issue
5
Pages
1132-1148
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2946450286
Cited by
1,591
References
205
Citations by year
2026: 197 · 2025: 233 · 2024: 239 · 2023: 225 · 2022: 257 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 154 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 1
FWCI
15.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (U19AI109976, R01AI135193, UM1AI100663)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords
T follicular helper cells, germinal center, B cell response, affinity maturation, Tfh cell differentiation, infectious diseases, vaccines, autoimmune disease, allergy, atherosclerosis, organ transplantation, tumor immunology, human immune system
MeSH terms
Autoimmune Diseases, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Differentiation, Communicable Diseases, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Germinal Center, Atherosclerosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review