A developmental decline in the learning-promoting effects of infant-directed speech for infants of mothers with chronically elevated symptoms of depression
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Infants of mothers who varied in symptoms of depression were tested at 4 and 12 months of age for their ability to associate a segment of an unfamiliar non-depressed mother's infant-directed speech (IDS) with a face. At 4 months, all infants learned the voice-face association. At 12 months, despite the fact that none of the mothers were still clinically depressed, infants of mothers with chronically elevated self-reported depressive symptoms, and infants of mothers with elevated self-reported depressive symptoms at 4 months but not 12 months, on average did not learn the association. For infants of mothers diagnosed with depression in remission, learning at 12 months was negatively correlated with the postpartum duration of the mother's depressive episode. At neither age did extent of pitch modulation in the IDS segments correlate with infant learning. However, learning scores at 12 months correlated significantly with concurrent maternal reports of infant receptive language development. The roles of the duration and timing of maternal depressive symptoms are discussed.
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Many studies indicated significant and negative associations between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant cognitive development, language development, infant behaviors, overall infant health concerns, and quality of sleep.
“Moreover, many studies indicated significant and negative associations between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant cognitive development,94,95,99,101,102,107,141,147 language development,94,102,105,116,117,131,132,139 infant behaviors,49,52,110,114,120,121,131,133 overall infant health concerns,48,104,119,122–124,135,136,138 and quality of sleep.104,108”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [102]
The Results (Infant Learning; page unavailable) report a significant negative correlation between the postpartum duration of maternal depression and infants’ voice–face learning at 12 months, supporting the cognitive-learning portion of the claim. The Results (Infant Communicative Development; page unavailable) report no significant correlation between maternal depression category and receptive or productive vocabulary. The cited passages do not establish associations with infant behavior, overall health concerns, or sleep. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAt 4 months, all infants learned the voice-face association.
“At 4 months, all infants learned the voice–face association.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [102]
For infants of mothers diagnosed with depression who were in remission, learning at 12 months is negatively correlated with the postpartum duration of the mother's depressive episode.
“For infants of mothers diagnosed with depression who were in remission, learning at 12 months was negatively correlated with the postpartum duration of the mother’s depressive episode.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [102]
At 12 months, infants of mothers with chronically elevated self-reported depressive symptoms or elevated symptoms at 4 months but not 12 months did not learn the voice-face association on average.
“At 12 months, even though none of the mothers were still clinically depressed, the average infant of mothers with chronically elevated self-reported depressive symptoms or elevated self-reported depressive symptoms at 4 months, but not 12 months, did not learn the association.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [102]
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Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
Slomian, J., Honvo, G., Emonts, P., Reginster, J.-Y., & Bruyère, O. (2019) · Women's Health · doi:10.1177/1745506519844044 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kaplan, P. S., Danko, C. M., Kalinka, C. J., & Cejka, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaplan, Peter S.
- Venue
- Infant Behavior and Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 369-379
- ISSN
- 0163-6383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3914005
- OpenAlex
- W2088064077
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Infant Behavior and Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD049732, HD049732)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- infant-directed speech, maternal depression, postpartum depression, infant learning, developmental decline, pitch modulation, maternal depressive symptoms, depressive episode duration
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Association Learning, Child Development, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Infant, Language Development Disorders, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Speech, Statistics as Topic, Child of Impaired Parents, Depression, Postpartum, Self Report
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