Sex differences in mental rotation and cortical activation patterns: Can training change them?
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Several studies using brain scans during testing found brain activation differences between women and men.
“Several used brain scans during testing and found brain activation differences between women and men (e.g., Gur et al., 2000;Hugdahl et al., 2006;Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012;Jordan et al., 2002).”
From Factors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012
Brain activation differences may be related to non-biological factors.
“Brain activation differences are compelling, but again may be related to non-biological factors (e.g., Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012).”
From Factors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012
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“…– such as spatial navigation and experiences in spatial play – could stimulate the maturation of brain networks underlying mental rotation ability (e.g., Krendl et al., 2008; Haier et al., 2009; Jaušovec and Jaušovec, 2012; Jolles and Crone, 2012; Dunst et al., 2013; Lowrie et al., 2017).”
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“, 2016), have also been applied in research projects that shared some similarities with our study (Jaušovec and Jaušovec, 2012; Jaušovec, 2012; Pahor and Jaušovec, 2014).”
BackgroundResultFrom visual to motor strategies: Training in mental rotation of hands
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“Jaušovec and Jaušovec [59] examined whether training can increase MR performance in women and change the related pattern of brain activity.”
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“Also in adults, positive transfer effects of origami lessons on mental rotation performance were observed (Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012).”
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“Furthermore, males and females are assumed to use different strategies for achieving similar cognitive performance, as indicated by different patterns of brain activity in males and females (Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012; Lenroot & Giedd, 2010).”
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“Anyone can increase their cognitive ability, no matter what the starting point is (Jausovec & Jausovec, 2012).”
BackgroundProgesterone and Mental Rotation Task: Is There Any Effect?
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“Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Intelligence period masculinised females' neural activation patterns during a visuospatial task (Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012).”
MethodDon’t disturb my circles: The effect of fine arts training on visuospatial ability in students
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“Future studies might employ either cognitive activities shown not to affect visuospatial skills (e.g., verbal mne-monics; Ball et al., 2002) or communication training that focuses on social skills (Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012).”
Visuospatial Working Memory Development across Years of Schooling
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“All of this promotes the intensive development of spatial abilities, including visuospatial working memory, making this cognitive trait plastic (Uttal et al., 2013; Jau š ovec & Jau š ovec, 2012).”
BackgroundEEG-based comparisons of performance on a mental rotation task between learning styles and gender
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“Interestingly, Jaušovec and Jaušovec (2012) discovered sex disparities in brain activity only in high-performance participants, indicating that training could alter these differences.”
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“Recent studies indicate that sex differences in lateralization could reflect differences in strategies and experience rather than the organizing effects of prenatal androgens (Haier, Karama, Leyba, & Jung, 2009; Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012).”
BackgroundStudying the Impact of Spatial Involvement on Training Mental Rotation with Minecraft
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“For example, rather than having a person roleplay as the dragon, participants will interact with Sneeze, represented by an in-game model of a dragon, see Fig.2, through in-game text boxes and dialogue choices.”
BackgroundSpatial Involvement in Training Mental Rotation with Minecraft
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“Females demonstrate greater frontal theta synchronization, while males show greater frontal theta desynchronization (Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012).”
What You Can and Can’t Change: Lay Perspectives on Seligman’s Guide
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“Some studies had supported this assumption (Jausovec & Jausovec, 2012).”
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“Results of research on mental rotation usually show a significant sex difference (e.g., Jaušovec & Jaušovec, 2012; Koscik, O’Leary, Moser, Andreasen & Nopoulos, 2009; Kucian, Loenneker, Dietrich, Martin & Von Aster, 2005; Parsons et al., 2004).”
BackgroundFactors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review
Cuppello, S., Zibarras, L. D., & Corr, P. J. (2025) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-025-00504-5
- Authors
- Jaušovec, N., & Jaušovec, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Maribor (SI)
- Corresponding author
- Jaušovec, Norbert
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-162
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988076751
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 8.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Keywords
- sex differences, mental rotation, training effects, theta synchronization, frontal brain activity, spatial ability
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