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Intelligence in youth and health at age 50
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BACKGROUND: The link between intelligence in youth and all-cause mortality in later-life is well established. To better understand this relationship, the current study examines the links between pre-morbid intelligence and a number of specific health outcomes at age 50 using the NLSY-1979 cohort. METHODS: Participants were the 5793 participants in the NLSY-79 who responded to questions about health outcomes at age 50. Sixteen health outcomes were examined: two were summary measures (physical health and functional limitation), 9 were diagnosed illness conditions, 4 were self-reported conditions, and one was a measure of general health status. Linear and logistic regressions were used, as appropriate, to examine the relationship between intelligence in youth and the health outcomes. Age, sex and both childhood and adult SES, and its sub-components - income, education, & occupational prestige - are all adjusted for separately. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Higher pre-morbid intelligence is linked with better physical health at age 50, and a lower risk for a number of chronic health conditions. For example, a 1 SD higher score in IQ was significantly associated with increased odds of having good, very good, or excellent health, with an odds ratio of 1.70 (C.I. 1.55-1.86). Thirteen of the illness outcomes were significantly and negatively associated with IQ in youth; the odds ratios ranged from 0.85 for diabetes/high blood sugar to 0.65 for stroke, per one standard deviation higher score in IQ. Adjustment for childhood SES led to little attenuation but adult SES partially mediated the relationship for a number of conditions. Mediation by adult SES was not consistently explained by any one of its components-income, education, and occupation status. The current findings contribute to our understanding of lower intelligence as a risk factor for poor health and how this may contribute to health inequalities.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wraw, C., Deary, I. J., Gale, C. R., & Der, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wraw, Christina
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 53
- Pages
- 23-32
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4659286
- OpenAlex
- W1616789613
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 15.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Intelligence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MR/K026992/1, MC_UU_12011/2)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- child intelligence, IQ, physical health, functional limitations, chronic disease, health disparities, socioeconomic status, mediation, diabetes mellitus, stroke, self-reported health
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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