The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stimulatory effect of antidepressants on the production of IL-6
Abstract
A body of evidence indicates that the therapeutic activity of antidepressants is connected with their modulatory effect on the inflammatory response system and cell-mediated immunity. The present study was carried out to examine the effects of antidepressant agents, such as imipramne, venlafaxine, l-5-hydroxytryptophan, fluoxetine and a combination of l-5-hydroxytryptophan and fluoxetine, on the production of the pleotrophic cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6. Diluted whole blood from fluoxetine-treated patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) (mean age: 50.6+/-3.9 years), age-matched healthy controls (mean age: 51.6+/-1.7 years) and younger healthy volunteers (mean age: 35.4+/-1.7 years) was stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48 h with or without incubation with the antidepressants at 10(-6) and 10(-5) M. The major findings of this study are: (1). imipramine and venlafaxine (at the higher concentration), 5-HTP (at lower and higher concentrations) and a combination of 5-HTP and fluoxetine (both at the lower concentration) increased the production of IL-6; (2). all drugs used did not affect TNF-alpha production. IL-6 production was significantly higher in depressed patients than in age-matched volunteers, whereas TNF-alpha production was significantly higher in older volunteers than in younger ones. We speculate that the therapeutic activity of these antidepressants is at least partly connected with their effect on the cytokine network and IL-6 production.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although some studies have demonstrated that antidepressants decrease inflammatory cytokines (38, 39), others report either no effect (31, 40, 41) or even increased levels (42, 43).”
From Individual differences in the peripheral immune system promote resilience versus susceptibility to social stress (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, the literature describing the effects of standard antidepressants on systemic inflammation is highly mixed.”
From Individual differences in the peripheral immune system promote resilience versus susceptibility to social stress (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
Baumann, H., & Gauldie, J. (1994) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(94)90137-6 · Cited by 2,907
Interleukin-6 in Biology and Medicine
Akira, S., Taga, T., & Kishimoto, T. (1993) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60532-5 · Cited by 1,402
Exercise and IL‐6 infusion inhibit endotoxin‐induced TNF‐α production in humans
Starkie, R., Ostrowski, S. R., Jauffred, S., Febbraio, M., & Pedersen, B. K. (2003) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.02-0670fje · Cited by 790
Aging and proinflammatory cytokines
Bruunsgaard, H., Pedersen, M., & Pedersen, B. K. (2001) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/00062752-200105000-00001 · Cited by 690
Maes, M., Meltzer, H. Y., Bosmans, E., Bergmans, R., Vandoolaeghe, E., Ranjan, R., & Desnyder, R. (1995) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(95)00028-l · Cited by 622
Self-citationEndotoxin produces a depressive-like episode in rats
Yirmiya, R. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01415-2 · Cited by 604
Aderka, D., Le, J., & Vilček, J. (1989) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.143.11.3517 · Cited by 577
Corticotropin-Releasing Activity of Monokines
Woloski, B. M. R. N. J., Smith, E. M., Meyer, W. J., Fuller, G. M., & Blalock, J. E. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2997929 · Cited by 486
Groote, D. D., Zangerle, P. F., Gevaert, Y., Fassotte, M., Beguin, Y. P., Pirenne, F., Pirenne, J., Gathy, R., Lopez, M., Dehart, I., et al. (1992) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/1043-4666(92)90062-v · Cited by 470
The stress response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: from molecule to melancholia
O’Connor, T. M. (2000) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/93.6.323 · Cited by 398
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Służewska, 1996, Increased levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and interleukin-6 in refractory depression, Depression, 39, 149
- Kubera M, Maes M, Kim Y-K, Lasoń W. Effect of serotonin and serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in human whole blood. Psychiatry Res [in press].
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729
Leonard, B., & Maes, M. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.005 · Cited by 805
Self-citationHodes, G. E., Pfau, M. L., Leboeuf, M., Golden, S. A., Christoffel, D. J., Bregman, D., Rebusi, N., Heshmati, M., Aleyasin, H., Warren, B. L., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1415191111 · Cited by 692
Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression
Hodes, G. E., Kana, V., Menard, C., Merad, M., & Russo, S. J. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4113 · Cited by 585
Maes, M. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.014 · Cited by 544
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kubera, M., Kenis, G., Bosmans, E., Kajta, M., Basta-Kaim, A., Scharpe, S., Budziszewska, B., & Maes, M.
- Affiliations
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology (PL)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kubera, Marta
- Venue
- International Immunopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 185-192
- ISSN
- 1567-5769 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040924241
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Immunopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- antidepressants, interleukin-6, TNF-α, imipramine, venlafaxine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, fluoxetine, treatment-resistant depression, cytokine production, inflammation, cell-mediated immunity, phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide
- MeSH terms
- Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, Adult, Age Factors, Aging, Antidepressive Agents, Blood Cells, Cyclohexanols, Depressive Disorder, Drug Combinations, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, Imipramine, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
