Endotoxin produces a depressive-like episode in rats
Abstract
Activation of the immune system produces psychological and physiological effects, which resemble the characteristics of depression. The present study was designed to investigate further, in rats, the similarity between the behavioral effects of immune activation and a model of depression in animals. Reduction in the preference for and consumption of saccharin solutions and suppression of sexual behavior were used as models of one essential feature of depression, the inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia). Other measures testing this model were the reduction in food consumption, body weight, locomotor activity, and social interaction. It was found that systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), which is a potent activator of the immune system, significantly decreased saccharin preference in fluid-deprived rats. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also decreased free consumption of saccharin, but not water, in non-deprived rats. Several indices of male sexual behavior were significantly suppressed following LPS administration. Chronic, but not acute, treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine abolished the suppressive effect of LPS on saccharin preference. Moreover, chronic, but not acute, treatment with imipramine also reduced and facilitated the recovery from the suppressive effects of LPS on food consumption, body weight, social interaction and activity in the open-field test. The results suggest that activation of the immune system in rats produces anhedon…
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Injection of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) inhibits sexual activity and reduces consumption of sweetened solutions in rats.
“injection of bacterial endotoxin (i.e., LPS) inhibits sexual activity and reduces the consumption of sweetened solutions that are strongly preferred by rats”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Yirmiya, 1996
Depressive-like behaviors evoked by bacterial endotoxin administration can be alleviated by antidepressant medication or eliminated almost entirely by pretreatment with cytokine synthesis blockers or cytokine antagonists.
“depressive-like behaviors that are evoked by bacterial endotoxin administration can be alleviated by antidepressant medication administration or eliminated almost entirely by pretreatment with cytokine synthesis blockers or cytokine antagonists”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Yirmiya, 1996
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“Similarly, injection of bacterial endotoxin (i.e., LPS) inhibits sexual activity and reduces the consumption of sweetened solutions that are strongly preferred by rats (Yirmiya, 1996).”
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- Authors
- Yirmiya, R.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Yirmiya, Raz
- ORCID
- Yirmiya, Raz
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-03
- Volume
- 711
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 163-174
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971051809
- Cited by
- 604
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 7.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, depression, anhedonia, immune activation, saccharin preference, sexual behavior, imipramine, antidepressant effects, locomotor activity, social interaction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Depression, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drinking, Eating, Endotoxins, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Rats, Inbred F344, Saccharin, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Time Factors, Rats
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