From blood to brain: exploring the role of fibrinogen in the pathophysiology of depression and other neurological disorders
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, plays a significant role in neuroinflammation and mood disorders. Elevated fibrinogen levels are consistently observed in individuals with depression, potentially contributing to microglial activation. This could impair fibrinolysis and contribute to a pro-inflammatory environment in the brain. This neuroinflammatory response can impair neuroplasticity, a key process for learning, memory, and mood regulation. Fibrinogen may also indirectly influence neurotransmitters like serotonin, which play a vital role in mood regulation. Furthermore, fibrinogen's interaction with astrocytes may trigger a cascade of events leading to demyelination, a process where the protective sheath around nerve fibers deteriorates. This can disrupt communication within the nervous system and contribute to depression symptoms. Intriguingly, targeting fibrinogen or related pathways holds promise for therapeutic interventions. For instance, modulating PAI-1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) activity or inhibiting fibrinogen's interaction with brain cells could be potential strategies. This review explores the multifaceted relationship between fibrinogen and neurological disorders with a focus on depression highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association and develop effective therapeutic strategies targeting the fibrinolytic system for mood disorders.
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Peripheral inflammatory activity reflected in elevated CRP, fibrinogen, and TRYCATs is higher among suicidal individuals than in psychiatric or healthy controls.
“Early psychoneuroimmunology research established that peripheral inflammatory activity reflected in elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) is higher among suicidal individuals than in psychiatric or healthy controls (74–76).”
From Exploring the neurobiological markers of suicidal behaviors in pediatric population: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as [75]
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Bangs, M. C., Gadhavi, J. D., Carter, K., Ping, L., Duong, D. M., Dammer, E. B., Wu, F., Shantaraman, A., Fox, E. J., Johnson, E. C. B., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70830 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kushwaha, R., Patel, S., Yuvaraj, K. S., Sharma, P., Kumar, A., & Chakravarty, S. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-025-01547-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationSu, Y., Ge, Y., Yang, H., Zhai, G., & Cheng, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1607982 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kafol, J., Jug, B., Mijovski, M. B., Tršan, J., Košuta, D., & Novaković, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1594889 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The inflammation-depression link: How social networks buffer or exacerbate risk
Zainal, N. H. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101052 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Qin, X., Li, M., Sun, X., Dong, P., Ji, X., Li, X., & Liu, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1429846 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Salehi, M., Saeidi, M., Amanat, M., Barias, T., Anyeji, U., Alzein, O., & Gunturu, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2026.1738009
Li, L., Chen, Y., He, G., Yang, G., Cheng, Y., Chen, J., Sun, D., & Shi, M. (2026) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s532686
Fibrinogen as a Driver of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Fetal Brain After Maternal InfluenzaPreprint
Gonzalez-Ricon, R., Rigal, F. J., Chalen, I., & Antonson, A. M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10396951/v1
de Jager, C., Ju, J., Corbo, M., Patel, K., & Theus, M. H. (2026) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-026-02394-9
Microbiome‐Phytochemical Crosstalk Along the Gut‐Brain Axis in Alzheimer and Parkinson's Disease
Emon, M., Rahaman, M. M., Sarder, D., Shadin, M., Neela, S. A., Wangchuk, P., & Sarker, S. (2026) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.70374
Kushwaha, R., Patel, S., Kumar, A., & Chakravarty, S. (2026) · Neuroglia · doi:10.3390/neuroglia7040041
Self-citationMental health and wellbeing of children
(2026) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-8953-3
- Authors
- Patel, S., Govindarajan, V., Chakravarty, S., & Dubey, N.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IN)
- University of Hyderabad (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Chakravarty, Sumana
- Dubey, Neelima
- Venue
- International Immunopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-12
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- Pt 1
- Pages
- 113326
- ISSN
- 1567-5769 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4403298194
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- International Immunopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- fibrinogen, depression, neuroinflammation, microglial activation, fibrinolysis, neuroplasticity, serotonin, astrocytes, demyelination, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, mood disorders, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Depression, Fibrinogen, Humans, Nervous System Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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