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Cited by 325Cultural Differences and ValuesCulture, Economy, and Development StudiesGlobal and Cross-Cultural Management

Do dimensions of culture exist objectively? A validation of the revised Minkov-Hofstede model of culture with World Values Survey items and scores for 102 countries

Minkov, Michael, Kaasa, Anneli·2022·Journal of International Management
DOI 10.1016/j.intman.2022.100971
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Crossref · 10.1016/j.intman.2022.100971

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  • In 2024, Pakistan's long-term orientation score was updated and changed from 55 to 19, reflecting Pakistan as a short-term-oriented society.

    “In the year 2024, these scores are updated and changed from 55 to 19, which now reflects Pakistan as a short-term-oriented society [9].”

    From Comparison of cultural preferences and cultural practices in website design in Pakistan (2025) · cites this paper as [9]

  • Hofstede's individualism/collectivism dimension remains one of the most recognized and validated frameworks for examining national culture differences.

    “This relationship is well understood through Hofstede's (1980) cultural dimensions, particularly the individualism/collectivism dimension, which remains one of the most recognized and validated frameworks for examining national culture differences (Minkov & Kaasa, 2022).”

    From Ethical use of artificial intelligence based tools in higher education: Are future business leaders ready? (2025) · cites this paper as Minkov & Kaasa, 2022

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Authors
Minkov, M., & Kaasa, A.
Affiliations
  • National Research University Higher School of Economics (RU)
  • University of Tartu (EE)
Corresponding author
Minkov, Michael
ORCID
Venue
Journal of International Management
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-12
Volume
28
Issue
4
Pages
100971
ISSN
1075-4253 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.intman.2022.100971
OpenAlex
W4291002019
Semantic Scholar
349fa34d7332f3fe4f2701b285adb47dc88f3047
Cited by
325
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 104 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
FWCI
46.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of International Management (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Global and Cross-Cultural Management
Keywords
cultural dimensions, Hofstede model, individualism-collectivism, long-term orientation, World Values Survey, cross-cultural measurement, pathogen prevalence, international business

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