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Immune Surveillance of the CNS following Infection and Injury
Open accessAbstract
The central nervous system (CNS) contains a sophisticated neural network that must be constantly surveyed in order to detect and mitigate a diverse array of challenges. The innate and adaptive immune systems actively participate in this surveillance, which is critical for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and can facilitate the resolution of infections, degeneration, and tissue damage. Infections and sterile injuries represent two common challenges imposed on the CNS that require a prompt immune response. While the inducers of these two challenges differ in origin, the resultant responses orchestrated by the CNS share some overlapping features. Here, we review how the CNS immunologically discriminates between pathogens and sterile injuries, mobilizes an immune reaction, and, ultimately, regulates local and peripherally-derived immune cells to provide a supportive milieu for tissue repair.
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“In AD and CNS infections, pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling is primarily initiated by CNS resident immune cells, the astrocytes, and microglia (Di Benedetto et al., 2022; Russo and McGavern, 2015).”
From Arbovirus infection increases the risk for the development of neurodegenerative disease pathology in the murine model (2024) · cites this paper as Russo and McGavern, 2015
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“A great deal is known about sterile injuries; they involve release of alarmins detected by damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) sensors such as Toll-like and purinergic receptors (131).”
From The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
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Robust Control of a Neurotropic Parasite Through MHC I Presentation by Infected NeuronsPreprint
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TYPE I INTERFERON MEDIATED JCV SUPPRESSION THROUGH C/EBP-BETA LIP ISOFORM
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West Nile Virus and Toll-like Receptors
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Temporary CD19+ B Cell Inhibition Alleviates Ischemic Brain Damage in MicePreprint
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Astrocyte Reprogramming by Th17 Cells in Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms and Implications
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CD19+ B cell depletion: a novel strategy to alleviate ischemic stroke damage
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“Although the brain was historically described as an immune-privileged site, it is now recognized to mount robust but tightly regulated inflammatory responses to infection and tissue injury (89–91).”
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Strategies for suppressing immune responses in the brain
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Metadata
- Authors
- Russo, M. V., & McGavern, D. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- McGavern, Dorian B.
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 637-650
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4592776
- OpenAlex
- W2116063788
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 15
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- central nervous system infection, central nervous system injury, sterile injury, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, CNS homeostasis, pathogen discrimination, immune cell mobilization, tissue repair, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Infections, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, Humans, Immune System, Immunologic Surveillance, Wound Healing, Neuroimmunomodulation, Trauma, Nervous System, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Host-Pathogen Interactions
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