The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Immune Surveillance of the CNS following Infection and Injury
Open accessAbstract
The central nervous system (CNS) contains a sophisticated neural network that must be constantly surveyed in order to detect and mitigate a diverse array of challenges. The innate and adaptive immune systems actively participate in this surveillance, which is critical for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and can facilitate the resolution of infections, degeneration, and tissue damage. Infections and sterile injuries represent two common challenges imposed on the CNS that require a prompt immune response. While the inducers of these two challenges differ in origin, the resultant responses orchestrated by the CNS share some overlapping features. Here, we review how the CNS immunologically discriminates between pathogens and sterile injuries, mobilizes an immune reaction, and, ultimately, regulates local and peripherally-derived immune cells to provide a supportive milieu for tissue repair.
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“In AD and CNS infections, pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling is primarily initiated by CNS resident immune cells, the astrocytes, and microglia (Di Benedetto et al., 2022; Russo and McGavern, 2015).”
From Arbovirus infection increases the risk for the development of neurodegenerative disease pathology in the murine model (2024) · cites this paper as Russo and McGavern, 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“A great deal is known about sterile injuries; they involve release of alarmins detected by damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) sensors such as Toll-like and purinergic receptors (131).”
From The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system (2019) · cites this paper as [131]
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Citations
Cites
Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827 · cited 2×
“A number of studies have demonstrated that purinergic receptor signaling plays an important role in CNS sterile injury responses [28–31].”
Astrocytes: Biology and pathology
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“This structure physically blocks infiltrating immune cells in an attempt to protect proximal uninjured tissue [101].”
Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels
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ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo
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“A number of studies have demonstrated that purinergic receptor signaling plays an important role in CNS sterile injury responses [28–31].”
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“Specialized innate immune sentinel cells are stationed at each of these locations and are conveniently named: meningeal macrophages, perivascular macrophages, CP macrophages, and microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS (Figure 1) [5–7].”
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Inflammasomes: mechanism of action, role in disease, and therapeutics
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“Inflammasomes form oligomeric structures in the cytoplasm, recruit caspase 1, and facilitate the proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1b and pro-IL-18 into their secreted active forms [18].”
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Regeneration beyond the glial scar
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DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger
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Influential
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuroinflammation: The Devil Is in the Details
DiSabato, D. J., Quan, N., & Godbout, J. P. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13607 · Cited by 1,640
Neuroinflammation Induces Neurodegeneration.
Kempuraj, D., Thangavel, R., Natteru, P., Selvakumar, G. P., Saeed, D., Zahoor, H., Zaheer, S., Iyer, S. S., & Zaheer, A. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 675
Inflammatory Response in the CNS: Friend or Foe?
Sochocka, M., Diniz, B. S., & Leszek, J. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0297-1 · Cited by 573
“The innate and adaptive immune systems actively participate in CNS surveillance, which is critical for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and can facilitate the resolution of infections, degeneration, and tissue damage [30].”
BackgroundMultifaceted interactions between adaptive immunity and the central nervous system
Kipnis, J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aag2638 · Cited by 376
Molecular Heterogeneity and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma
DeCordova, S., Shastri, A., Tsolaki, A. G., Yasmin, H., Klein, L., Singh, S. K., & Kishore, U. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01402 · Cited by 354
Metadata
- Authors
- Russo, M. V., & McGavern, D. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- McGavern, Dorian B.
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 637-650
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4592776
- OpenAlex
- W2116063788
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 15
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- central nervous system infection, central nervous system injury, sterile injury, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, CNS homeostasis, pathogen discrimination, immune cell mobilization, tissue repair, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Infections, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, Humans, Immune System, Immunologic Surveillance, Wound Healing, Neuroimmunomodulation, Trauma, Nervous System, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Host-Pathogen Interactions
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