The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 12 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder
Open accessAbstract
Objective This study evaluated the potential impact of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method The study focused on a sample of 933 participants evaluated during the DSM-IV field trial; 657 carried a clinical diagnosis of an ASD, and 276 were diagnosed with a non-autistic disorder. Sensitivity and specificity for proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were evaluated using field trial symptom checklists as follows: individual field trial checklist items (e.g., nonverbal communication); checklist items grouped together as described by a single DSM-5 symptom (e.g., nonverbal and verbal communication); individual DSM-5 criterion (e.g., social-communicative impairment); and overall diagnostic criteria. Results When applying proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, 60.6% (95% confidence interval: 57%-64%) of cases with a clinical diagnosis of an ASD met revised DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD. Overall specificity was high, with 94.9% (95% confidence interval: 92%-97%) of individuals accurately excluded from the spectrum. Sensitivity varied by diagnostic subgroup (autistic disorder = 0.76; Asperger's disorder = 0.25; pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified = 0.28) and cognitive ability (IQ < 70 = 0.70; IQ ≥ 70 = 0.46). Conclusions Proposed DSM-5 criteria could substantially alter the composition of the autism spectrum. Revised criteria improve specificity but exclude a substantial portion of cognitively able individuals and those with ASDs other than autistic disorder. A more stringent diagnostic rubric holds significant public health ramifications regarding service eligibility and compatibility of historical and future research.
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Claims the paper makes
1 of 12 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and/or the RRB criterion domain (22%)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the proposed DSM-5 criteria accurately excluded 262 of 276 (94.9%; 95% CI: 92–97%) individuals.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
“DSM-5 criteria, however, showed excellent specificity, accurately excluding 94.9% who did not receive a clinical diagnosis of ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sensitivity varied by diagnostic subgroup (Autistic Disorder =.76; Asperger’s Disorder = .25; PDD-NOS = .28) and cognitive ability (IQ < 70 = .70; IQ ≥ 70 = .46).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportion of individuals (274 of 393 cases, or 69.7%) with lower cognitive ability (i.e., IQ < 70) meeting DSM-5 criteria was significantly higher than the proportion of individuals (109 of 237 cases, or 46.0%) with higher cognitive ability (i.e., IQ ≥ 70) meeting DSM-5 criteria (X2(1)= 34.9, p < .001”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Individuals with intellectual disability were more likely than cognitively able individuals to meet DSM-5 criteria (69.7% and 46.0%, respectively).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those meeting and failing to meet proposed DSM-5 ASD diagnostic criteria were comparable with respect to chronological age (M = 9.15, SD = 6.92; M = 9.14, SD = 6.85, respectively; t(654) = 0.02, p = .98)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most individuals failing to meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria did so because of a failure to meet the social communication criterion (27%)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When applying proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, 60.6% (95% confidence interval: 57–64%) of cases with a clinical diagnosis of an ASD met revised DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, 398 of 657 clinically diagnosed cases (60.6%; 95% CI: 57–64%) met the proposed criteria for ASD”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
“This re-analysis indicated that, based on proposed DSM-5 criteria, 60.6% of individuals clinically diagnosed with an ASD in the field trial would continue to meet DSM-5 criteria”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall specificity was high, with 94.9% (95% confidence interval: 92–97%) of individuals accurately excluded from the spectrum.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, 109 of 237 clinically diagnosed cases (46%) met the proposed criteria for ASD”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 28
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Collapsing into a spectrum eliminates the possibility of validating subtypes of ASD.25,34,35”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [25] Ghanizadeh, 2011, Can retaining Asperger syndrome in DSM V help establish neurobiological endophenotypes?, J Autism Dev Disord sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (p. 1) discusses interest in possible PDD subtypes and the potential value of studying endophenotypes. It does not say that collapsing diagnoses into a spectrum eliminates the possibility of validating ASD subtypes; a search for that proposition found no further passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.70)
- Not matchedcites [34] Baron-Cohen, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [35] Mandy, 2011, Toward specifying pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, Autism Res source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Could not verify
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If two of three social communication symptoms (instead of all three) were required, overall sensitivity would increase from .61 to .75 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .84, .52, and .55, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .85.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sensitivity varied by diagnostic subgroup (Autistic Disorder =.76; Asperger’s Disorder = .25; PDD-NOS = .28) and cognitive ability (IQ < 70 = .70; IQ ≥ 70 = .46).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were also significant discrepancies in cases meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria across clinical diagnoses (X2(2) = 138.3, p < .001); 341 of 450 (75.8%) of cases with a clinical diagnosis of Autistic Disorder, 12 of 48 (25%) of cases with Asperger’s Disorder, and 45 of 159 (28.3%) of cases with PDD-NOS or atypical autism met proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Individuals clinically diagnosed with Autistic Disorder were more likely to pass DSM-5 diagnostic threshold than those with Asperger’s Disorder or PDD-NOS (75.8%, 25.0%, and 28.3%, respectively).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if two social-communication criteria and zero RRB symptoms were required (corresponding to the most lenient requirements for PDD-NOS according to DSM-IV-TR criteria), sensitivity would increase from .61 to .94 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .98, .88, and .81, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .67.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With a polythetic threshold for social-communication (two of three criteria) and requirement of one RRB symptom, sensitivity would increase from .61 to .91 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .97, .77, and .77, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .75.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If zero RBB symptoms were required, sensitivity would increase from .61 to .72 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .86, .38, and .42, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .88.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and sex ratio (60.4% of males and 63.2% of females met diagnostic criteria; X2(1)= .30, p = .59).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If one RRB symptom were required, sensitivity would increase from .61 to .71 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .85, .31, and .40, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .91.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and/or the RRB criterion domain (29%)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If zero RBB symptoms were required, sensitivity would increase from .46 to .56 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .79, .38, and .31, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .95.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If one RRB symptom were required, sensitivity would increase from .46 to .54 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .79, .31, and .31, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .96.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If two of three social communication symptoms (instead of all three) were required, overall sensitivity would increase from .46 to .67 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .81, .53, and .53, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .93.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“all but 5% met the onset criterion.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Enacting this change and also lowering the RRB threshold to one symptom raised sensitivity to .91 but lowers specificity to .75.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if two social-communication criteria and zero RRB symptoms were required (corresponding to the most lenient requirements for PDD-NOS according to DSM-IV-TR criteria), sensitivity would increase from .46 to .89 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .99, .87, and .76, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .74.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were also significant discrepancies in cases meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria across clinical diagnoses (X2(2) = 46.8, p < .001); 80 of 117 (68.4%) of cases with a clinical diagnosis of Autistic Disorder, 12 of 45 (26.7%) of cases with Asperger’s Disorder, and 17 of 75 (22.7%) of cases with PDD-NOS or atypical autism met proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most individuals failing to meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria did so because of a failure to meet the social communication criterion (42%)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With a polythetic threshold for social-communication (two of three criteria) and requirement of one RRB symptom, sensitivity would increase from .46 to .85 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .97, .76, and .72, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .82.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A more stringent diagnostic rubric holds significant public health ramifications regarding service eligibility and compatibility of historical and future research.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The DSM-IV field trial sample is representative of the broader population of individuals with ASD and other developmental or psychiatric disorders.
In the paper
“Finally, as has been the case with previous revisions of the DSM, diagnoses issued according to current criteria would, in some cases, differ from those based on proposed criteria, reducing the comparability of future studies with prior research.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] Singh, 2009, Trends in US autism research funding, J Autism Dev Disord source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Clinical diagnosis demonstrated good overall sensitivity and specificity, being highly consistent with the ICD-10 criteria that were current at that time.30”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Method
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] Volkmar, 2005, Issues in the classification of autism and related conditions source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There was also strong inter-clinician agreement (kappa=.95) on whether or not individuals met clinical diagnosis for a PDD.31”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Method
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] Klin, 2000, Brief report: interrater reliability of clinical diagnosis and DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder: results of the DSM-IV autism field trial, J Autism Dev Disord source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with the skewed sex ratio characteristic of ASD, ASD and non-ASD groups differed in terms of gender ( X2(1)= 17.7, p < .001) but were comparable in terms of age (t (931) = .57, p > .05) and IQ ( X2(5) = 10.0, p > .05).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Method
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This ostensible reduction in sensitivity is accompanied by very strong specificity, with nearly all individuals carrying non-ASD clinical diagnoses being accurately classified.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most cognitively able individuals and individuals diagnosed with Asperger’s Disorder and PDD-NOS would no longer meet criteria for an ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to the proposed criteria, cognitively able individuals and those with ASDs other than Autistic Disorder would be less likely to receive a diagnosis on the autism spectrum.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This reduced sensitivity is associated with stronger specificity, with nearly all individuals carrying non-ASD clinical diagnoses being accurately excluded from the spectrum.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
In the paper
“A potential problem with SCD as written is that, like PDD-NOS in DSM-IV-TR, it is a loosely defined residual diagnosis and is potentially vulnerable to the same problems encountered with PDD-NOS, such as poor inter-rater agreement on diagnosis, limited insight into associated phenotypic characteristics (e.g., cognitive or neuropsychological function), and disagreement on precise symptom constell”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [35] Mandy, 2011, Toward specifying pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, Autism Res source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The descriptor of “early childhood” proposed in DSM-5, because it is more vague, may include a wider range of children whose difficulties manifest after age three.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with DSM-5 ASD offering 11 combinations of criteria and DSM-IV Autistic Disorder offering 2,027 combinations.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These changes could exert detrimental effects on service eligibility and the ability of researchers to integrate information from autism research to-date with that conducted under the proposed criteria.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our sample of convenience was based specifically on referral for differential diagnosis of ASD and related disorders and was skewed towards individuals with ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is likely that a number of individuals failing to meet DSM-5 criteria for ASD will meet criteria for SCD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“These issues could lead to a considerable loss of information given the quantity of research conducted using the current diagnostic system.6”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Ghaziuddin, 2010, Should the DSM V drop Asperger syndrome?, J Autism Dev Disord source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Elimination of diagnostic subcategories may be harmful to those who have found a diagnosis important in terms of service acquisition or self-directed insight.26”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] Kaland, 2011, Brief report: Should Asperger syndrome be excluded from the forthcoming DSM-V?, Res Autism Spect Disord source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another obvious challenge of the proposed diagnostic taxon is incompatibility with ICD-10 criteria (and possibly criteria for ICD-11, currently in preparation), rendering it unreliable in future work to compare studies conducted outside of the US with those conducted according to the APA’s standards.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
“we developed an algorithm using individual items from this symptom set to correspond to the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD”
“each author independently selected items from the checklist to correspond to DSM-5 criteria, and all authors met as a group to develop a consensus algorithm”
The paper relies on this without support.
The DSM-IV field trial sample is representative of the broader population of individuals with ASD and other developmental or psychiatric disorders.
“This re-analysis focused on 933 cases, omitting individuals diagnosed with non-autistic PDDs (Rett’s Disorder, n=13; Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, n=16), as well as individuals missing data required for the present analyses (n=15).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
“we contrasted 657 who had been clinically diagnosed with an ASD and a comparison sample of 276 individuals who received a clinical diagnosis not on the autism spectrum.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
“From 61 individual checklist items rated by these field trial evaluators, we created an algorithm analogous to proposed DSM-5 criteria”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the DSM-5 committee decided not to intentionally tighten the criteria in order to decrease prevalence, even though this has been claimed (McPartland et al. 2012).”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as McPartland et al. 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Overall DSM 5 ASD was reported to have high specificity but there is variability in specificity when it comes to different diagnostic subgroups [15].”
From Comparison of the diagnostic criteria for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD): A study from North India (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Studies that used more limited datasets, such as the DSM-IV checklist or the ADDM reviews of existing reports (Maenner et al. 2014, McPartland et al. 2012), found less evidence of repetitive behaviors in children with PDD-NOS, which suggests that it is very important that clinicians collect adequate information about these behaviors.”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as McPartland et al. 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nearly 80% of the latter two groups appeared likely to lose their diagnostic label and thus potential eligibility for services (McPartland et al. 2012).”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as McPartland et al. 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This study was quickly followed by a study from McPartland and colleagues (McPartland et al. 2012) that reported results of a data reanalysis of cases from the DSM-IV field trial and reported dramatically reduced diagnostic rates not only in cases with clinical diagnoses of autism, but particularly in those with previous diagnoses of Asperger’s and PDD-NOS.”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as McPartland et al. 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“with similar core symptom presentations across the categorical diagnoses [12-16]”
From DSM-5 and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): an opportunity for identifying ASD subtypes (2013) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For the children with high functioning Autism and Asperger's syndrome, this, in turn, has a major impact as they might have received the diagnosis as per DSM-IV-TR or ICD 10 (DCR-10)[15] but they may be at risk of losing a diagnostic label.”
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, many studies have used the clinical records as the information source and not the clinical interview [15,16,18,23,28]”
From Comparison of the diagnostic criteria for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD): A study from North India (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“There are studies to support that these diagnoses do not translate directly to an ASD diagnosis on DSM-5 [1, 91].”
From Gut microbiota changes in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [91]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentχ²(1) = 17.7reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“X2(1)= 17.7, p < .001”
- Consistentt(931) = 0.57reported p > .05 · recomputed p = .569
“t (931) = .57, p > .05”
- Consistentχ²(5) = 10reported p > .05 · recomputed p = .075
“X2(5) = 10.0, p > .05”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 34.9reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“X2(1)= 34.9, p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(2) = 138.3reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“X2(2) = 138.3, p < .001”
- Consistentt(654) = 0.02reported p = .98 · recomputed p = .984
“t(654) = 0.02, p = .98”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 0.3reported p = .59 · recomputed p = .584
“X2(1)= .30, p = .59”
- Consistentχ²(2) = 46.8reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“X2(2) = 46.8, p < .001”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Sample size is stated as 977 and 933 in different parts of the paper
MinorThe abstract/method summary says the study sample was 977 participants, but the detailed Method states the re-analysis focused on 933 cases after exclusions. Both cannot describe the same analyzed sample without clarification.
“This study focused on a sample of 977 participants evaluated during the DSM-IV field trial; 657 carried a clinical diagnosis of an ASD, and 276 were diagnosed with a non-autistic disorder.”
“This re-analysis focused on 933 cases, omitting individuals diagnosed with non-autistic PDDs (Rett’s Disorder, n=13; Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, n=16), as well as individuals missing data required for the present analyses (n=15).”
Citations
Cites
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Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–478 of 478
石坂, 好. (2016) · 児童青年精神医学とその近接領域 · doi:10.20615/jscap.57.1_205
Μούτσου, Ε., & Γεωργάκα, Ε. (2020) · Psychology the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society · doi:10.12681/psy_hps.23272
INCLEN Diagnostic Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder (INDT-ASD): Development and Validation
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Estructura y Maquetación con Diseño Adaptativo para Sitios Web sobre Autismo
Salcedo, V., Alcívar, N. I. S., & Pilay, L. (2020) · Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL · doi:10.37815/rte.v32n2.775
Montrenes, J. J. (2021) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.5336
“Overall, the DSM-5 criteria were more strict than that of the DSM-IV, with individuals with greater cognitive functioning and those who had previously met for AS and PDD-NOS being less likely to meet for ASD (McPartland et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLoftin, R. L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70913-6_2
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Cohen, A. S., MacAulay, R. K., Mitchell, K. R., Ory, J., & Schwartz, E. K. (2016) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27171-2_16
A Closer Look at Supporting Elementary Students With Autism in School
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Drug Discovery in Psychiatry: Time for Human Genome-Guided Solutions
Papassotiropoulos, A., & de Quervain, D. J. ‐. (2019) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803161-2.00014-x
Herbert, J. D. (2013) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0110
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Goldin, R. L., & Matson, J. L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102040
PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified)
Volkmar, F. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1550
Self-citationGray, K. M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_1635-3
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Screening and Treatment
Porto, K. S., Skapek, M., & Barton, M. L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.23579-7
Dowrick, P. W. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7497-6_17
Developmental, Dimensional, and Diagnostic Interview (3Di)
Tjaarda, I. C., Skuse, D., & Greaves‐Lord, K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102415
(2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-44407-4.16001-7
Rebecchi, K. (2023) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/egv2p
(2023) · Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.12.014
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Dmytriw, A. A., Naveed, S., Ghozy, S. A., & Morsy, S. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.21.23295892
“Moreover, DSM-5 had high specificity for autistic spectrum disorders, but a very low sensitivity towards cases of Asperger ’ s syndrome (McPartland et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCulturally Adapted Assessment Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Clinical Significance
Das, A., & Ray, A. (2021) · Journal of Emerging Investigators · doi:10.59720/20-155
“Moreover, several studies have shown that the prevalence rate of ASD within India is highest in rural areas (15-17), which could make the implementation of Autest challenging (15).”
BackgroundInfluentialVolkmar, F. R., & Wiesner, L. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781394259007.ch4
Self-citationGovender, R. (2023) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal) · doi:10.29086/10413/22606
Autism, Comorbidities, and Adaptive Functioning: A Potential Moderator
Montrenes, J. J. (2022) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.6208
Volkmar, F. R., Reichow, B., & Wiesner, L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96023-6.00131-7
Self-citationZhao, M., Havrilla, J. M., Peng, J. J., Drye, M., Fecher, M., Guthrie, W., Tunç, B., Schultz, R. T., Wang, K., & Zhou, Y. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19847734
The DSM-5 and DSM-5-Text Revision: A System for Psychiatric Diagnosis
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Several Disorders on a Continuum or One?
Volkmar, F. R., & Reichow, B. (2024) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64499-3_3
Self-citationIntelligence profiles in autism spectrum disorder
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.c4
Interactive technologies for training language skills in children on the autism spectrum
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.c7
Structural language and Autism Spectrum Disorder
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.c2
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.c3
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.c1
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.ack
List of most frequent acronyms and abbreviations
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.abb
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.refs
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.lot
Profiles in children on the autism spectrum
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.c6
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.li
Autism severity and developmental factors
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.c5
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.pre
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.lof
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.si
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.toc
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.prelim
(2023) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald.68.c8
How pragmatism and passion drive Fred Volkmar—even after retirement
Wallis, C. (2025) · The Transmitter · doi:10.53053/yedk7003
Diagnostic des troubles du spectre de l’autisme selon le DSM-5
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Perspectives d’avenir dans l’évaluation et le traitement des troubles du spectre de l’autisme
Smith, I. C., Pugliese, C. E., Corbett, B. A., & White, S. W. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-76574-2.00015-3
Qu’est-ce que l’autisme, 80 ans après Kanner ? Une réponse avec Laurent Mottron
de Saint-Mathurin, R. C. (2025) · Enfance · doi:10.3917/enf2.252.0229
Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Complex Communication Needs
Ganz, J. B. (2014) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0814-1_1
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnostic Considerations
Realmuto, G. M. (2015) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2190-4_2
“In addition to the specification of severity, other specifies are now part of the DSM-5 diagnostic package (McPartland et al. 2012).”
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Etude moléculaire et fonctionnelle du gène PTCHD1 impliqué dans les troubles neurodéveloppementaux
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Autisme et philosophie de terrain : des catégories nosologiques aux catégories diagnostiques
Sommier, M. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/13c87fc5z5240z4e02zbe76z0e8ac004c5ec
Beyond the categorical museum: Why the DSM cannot name the neurodivergent mind
Heemann, F. (2026) · Perspectivas en Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas · doi:10.68178/egafya41
Validation of an Integrated Autism Screening Model Using DSM-5, CARS-2, and CASD Among ChildrenPreprint
Janius, N., Ompok, C. S., Rusli, N. F. B., Anthony, V. A., Affrin, J. F., Othman, E. B., Amdan, M. A. B., Rosman, N. F., & Dasuki, F. H. B. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10225351/v1
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Clinical Social Worker's Perception of the Impact of Revisions of the DSM-5
Jeno, T. K. (2014) · UST Research Online (University of St. Thomas - Minnesota)
Evaluating the 'Parental Understanding of Neurodisability Questionnaire' as a measure of change
Topper, L. (2014) · Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)
Metadata
- Authors
- McPartland, J. C., Reichow, B., & Volkmar, F. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McPartland, James C.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 368-383
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3424065
- OpenAlex
- W2024803279
- Cited by
- 476
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 36.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH086785, P50MH081756)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD003008, P01HD003008)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, sensitivity and specificity, autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, nonverbal communication, cognitive ability, diagnostic criteria revision
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Disability Evaluation, Eligibility Determination, Humans, Mental Health Services, Sensitivity and Specificity, United States, Incidence, Asperger Syndrome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Checklist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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