The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 12 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder
Open accessAbstract
Objective This study evaluated the potential impact of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method The study focused on a sample of 933 participants evaluated during the DSM-IV field trial; 657 carried a clinical diagnosis of an ASD, and 276 were diagnosed with a non-autistic disorder. Sensitivity and specificity for proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were evaluated using field trial symptom checklists as follows: individual field trial checklist items (e.g., nonverbal communication); checklist items grouped together as described by a single DSM-5 symptom (e.g., nonverbal and verbal communication); individual DSM-5 criterion (e.g., social-communicative impairment); and overall diagnostic criteria. Results When applying proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, 60.6% (95% confidence interval: 57%-64%) of cases with a clinical diagnosis of an ASD met revised DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD. Overall specificity was high, with 94.9% (95% confidence interval: 92%-97%) of individuals accurately excluded from the spectrum. Sensitivity varied by diagnostic subgroup (autistic disorder = 0.76; Asperger's disorder = 0.25; pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified = 0.28) and cognitive ability (IQ < 70 = 0.70; IQ ≥ 70 = 0.46). Conclusions Proposed DSM-5 criteria could substantially alter the composition of the autism spectrum. Revised criteria improve specificity but exclude a substantial portion of cognitively able individuals and those with ASDs other than autistic disorder. A more stringent diagnostic rubric holds significant public health ramifications regarding service eligibility and compatibility of historical and future research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
1 of 12 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and/or the RRB criterion domain (22%)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the proposed DSM-5 criteria accurately excluded 262 of 276 (94.9%; 95% CI: 92–97%) individuals.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
“DSM-5 criteria, however, showed excellent specificity, accurately excluding 94.9% who did not receive a clinical diagnosis of ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sensitivity varied by diagnostic subgroup (Autistic Disorder =.76; Asperger’s Disorder = .25; PDD-NOS = .28) and cognitive ability (IQ < 70 = .70; IQ ≥ 70 = .46).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportion of individuals (274 of 393 cases, or 69.7%) with lower cognitive ability (i.e., IQ < 70) meeting DSM-5 criteria was significantly higher than the proportion of individuals (109 of 237 cases, or 46.0%) with higher cognitive ability (i.e., IQ ≥ 70) meeting DSM-5 criteria (X2(1)= 34.9, p < .001”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Individuals with intellectual disability were more likely than cognitively able individuals to meet DSM-5 criteria (69.7% and 46.0%, respectively).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those meeting and failing to meet proposed DSM-5 ASD diagnostic criteria were comparable with respect to chronological age (M = 9.15, SD = 6.92; M = 9.14, SD = 6.85, respectively; t(654) = 0.02, p = .98)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most individuals failing to meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria did so because of a failure to meet the social communication criterion (27%)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When applying proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, 60.6% (95% confidence interval: 57–64%) of cases with a clinical diagnosis of an ASD met revised DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, 398 of 657 clinically diagnosed cases (60.6%; 95% CI: 57–64%) met the proposed criteria for ASD”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
“This re-analysis indicated that, based on proposed DSM-5 criteria, 60.6% of individuals clinically diagnosed with an ASD in the field trial would continue to meet DSM-5 criteria”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall specificity was high, with 94.9% (95% confidence interval: 92–97%) of individuals accurately excluded from the spectrum.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD, 109 of 237 clinically diagnosed cases (46%) met the proposed criteria for ASD”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 28
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Collapsing into a spectrum eliminates the possibility of validating subtypes of ASD.25,34,35”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [25] Ghanizadeh, 2011, Can retaining Asperger syndrome in DSM V help establish neurobiological endophenotypes?, J Autism Dev Disord sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (p. 1) discusses interest in possible PDD subtypes and the potential value of studying endophenotypes. It does not say that collapsing diagnoses into a spectrum eliminates the possibility of validating ASD subtypes; a search for that proposition found no further passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.70)
- Not matchedcites [34] Baron-Cohen, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [35] Mandy, 2011, Toward specifying pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, Autism Res source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Could not verify
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If two of three social communication symptoms (instead of all three) were required, overall sensitivity would increase from .61 to .75 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .84, .52, and .55, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .85.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sensitivity varied by diagnostic subgroup (Autistic Disorder =.76; Asperger’s Disorder = .25; PDD-NOS = .28) and cognitive ability (IQ < 70 = .70; IQ ≥ 70 = .46).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were also significant discrepancies in cases meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria across clinical diagnoses (X2(2) = 138.3, p < .001); 341 of 450 (75.8%) of cases with a clinical diagnosis of Autistic Disorder, 12 of 48 (25%) of cases with Asperger’s Disorder, and 45 of 159 (28.3%) of cases with PDD-NOS or atypical autism met proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Individuals clinically diagnosed with Autistic Disorder were more likely to pass DSM-5 diagnostic threshold than those with Asperger’s Disorder or PDD-NOS (75.8%, 25.0%, and 28.3%, respectively).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if two social-communication criteria and zero RRB symptoms were required (corresponding to the most lenient requirements for PDD-NOS according to DSM-IV-TR criteria), sensitivity would increase from .61 to .94 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .98, .88, and .81, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .67.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With a polythetic threshold for social-communication (two of three criteria) and requirement of one RRB symptom, sensitivity would increase from .61 to .91 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .97, .77, and .77, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .75.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If zero RBB symptoms were required, sensitivity would increase from .61 to .72 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .86, .38, and .42, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .88.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and sex ratio (60.4% of males and 63.2% of females met diagnostic criteria; X2(1)= .30, p = .59).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If one RRB symptom were required, sensitivity would increase from .61 to .71 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .85, .31, and .40, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .95 to .91.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and/or the RRB criterion domain (29%)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If zero RBB symptoms were required, sensitivity would increase from .46 to .56 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .79, .38, and .31, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .95.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If one RRB symptom were required, sensitivity would increase from .46 to .54 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .79, .31, and .31, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .96.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If two of three social communication symptoms (instead of all three) were required, overall sensitivity would increase from .46 to .67 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .81, .53, and .53, respectively), with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .93.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“all but 5% met the onset criterion.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Enacting this change and also lowering the RRB threshold to one symptom raised sensitivity to .91 but lowers specificity to .75.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if two social-communication criteria and zero RRB symptoms were required (corresponding to the most lenient requirements for PDD-NOS according to DSM-IV-TR criteria), sensitivity would increase from .46 to .89 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .99, .87, and .76, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .74.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were also significant discrepancies in cases meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria across clinical diagnoses (X2(2) = 46.8, p < .001); 80 of 117 (68.4%) of cases with a clinical diagnosis of Autistic Disorder, 12 of 45 (26.7%) of cases with Asperger’s Disorder, and 17 of 75 (22.7%) of cases with PDD-NOS or atypical autism met proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most individuals failing to meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria did so because of a failure to meet the social communication criterion (42%)”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With a polythetic threshold for social-communication (two of three criteria) and requirement of one RRB symptom, sensitivity would increase from .46 to .85 (specific sensitivity for Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, and PDD-NOS would be .97, .76, and .72, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in specificity from .98 to .82.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A more stringent diagnostic rubric holds significant public health ramifications regarding service eligibility and compatibility of historical and future research.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Abstract > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The DSM-IV field trial sample is representative of the broader population of individuals with ASD and other developmental or psychiatric disorders.
In the paper
“Finally, as has been the case with previous revisions of the DSM, diagnoses issued according to current criteria would, in some cases, differ from those based on proposed criteria, reducing the comparability of future studies with prior research.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] Singh, 2009, Trends in US autism research funding, J Autism Dev Disord source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Clinical diagnosis demonstrated good overall sensitivity and specificity, being highly consistent with the ICD-10 criteria that were current at that time.30”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Method
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] Volkmar, 2005, Issues in the classification of autism and related conditions source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There was also strong inter-clinician agreement (kappa=.95) on whether or not individuals met clinical diagnosis for a PDD.31”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Method
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] Klin, 2000, Brief report: interrater reliability of clinical diagnosis and DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder: results of the DSM-IV autism field trial, J Autism Dev Disord source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with the skewed sex ratio characteristic of ASD, ASD and non-ASD groups differed in terms of gender ( X2(1)= 17.7, p < .001) but were comparable in terms of age (t (931) = .57, p > .05) and IQ ( X2(5) = 10.0, p > .05).”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Method
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This ostensible reduction in sensitivity is accompanied by very strong specificity, with nearly all individuals carrying non-ASD clinical diagnoses being accurately classified.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most cognitively able individuals and individuals diagnosed with Asperger’s Disorder and PDD-NOS would no longer meet criteria for an ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to the proposed criteria, cognitively able individuals and those with ASDs other than Autistic Disorder would be less likely to receive a diagnosis on the autism spectrum.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This reduced sensitivity is associated with stronger specificity, with nearly all individuals carrying non-ASD clinical diagnoses being accurately excluded from the spectrum.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
- Rests on an assumption: The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
In the paper
“A potential problem with SCD as written is that, like PDD-NOS in DSM-IV-TR, it is a loosely defined residual diagnosis and is potentially vulnerable to the same problems encountered with PDD-NOS, such as poor inter-rater agreement on diagnosis, limited insight into associated phenotypic characteristics (e.g., cognitive or neuropsychological function), and disagreement on precise symptom constell”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [35] Mandy, 2011, Toward specifying pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, Autism Res source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The descriptor of “early childhood” proposed in DSM-5, because it is more vague, may include a wider range of children whose difficulties manifest after age three.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with DSM-5 ASD offering 11 combinations of criteria and DSM-IV Autistic Disorder offering 2,027 combinations.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These changes could exert detrimental effects on service eligibility and the ability of researchers to integrate information from autism research to-date with that conducted under the proposed criteria.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our sample of convenience was based specifically on referral for differential diagnosis of ASD and related disorders and was skewed towards individuals with ASD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is likely that a number of individuals failing to meet DSM-5 criteria for ASD will meet criteria for SCD.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“These issues could lead to a considerable loss of information given the quantity of research conducted using the current diagnostic system.6”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Ghaziuddin, 2010, Should the DSM V drop Asperger syndrome?, J Autism Dev Disord source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Elimination of diagnostic subcategories may be harmful to those who have found a diagnosis important in terms of service acquisition or self-directed insight.26”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] Kaland, 2011, Brief report: Should Asperger syndrome be excluded from the forthcoming DSM-V?, Res Autism Spect Disord source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another obvious challenge of the proposed diagnostic taxon is incompatibility with ICD-10 criteria (and possibly criteria for ICD-11, currently in preparation), rendering it unreliable in future work to compare studies conducted outside of the US with those conducted according to the APA’s standards.”
§ Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder Running Head: DSM-5 ASD > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The field trial checklist items chosen by the authors adequately represent the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
“we developed an algorithm using individual items from this symptom set to correspond to the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD”
“each author independently selected items from the checklist to correspond to DSM-5 criteria, and all authors met as a group to develop a consensus algorithm”
The paper relies on this without support.
The DSM-IV field trial sample is representative of the broader population of individuals with ASD and other developmental or psychiatric disorders.
“This re-analysis focused on 933 cases, omitting individuals diagnosed with non-autistic PDDs (Rett’s Disorder, n=13; Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, n=16), as well as individuals missing data required for the present analyses (n=15).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The clinical diagnosis of ASD in the DSM-IV field trial is a valid reference standard for evaluating the proposed DSM-5 criteria.
“we contrasted 657 who had been clinically diagnosed with an ASD and a comparison sample of 276 individuals who received a clinical diagnosis not on the autism spectrum.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The algorithm created from the 61 field trial checklist items adequately represents the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
“From 61 individual checklist items rated by these field trial evaluators, we created an algorithm analogous to proposed DSM-5 criteria”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the DSM-5 committee decided not to intentionally tighten the criteria in order to decrease prevalence, even though this has been claimed (McPartland et al. 2012).”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as McPartland et al. 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Overall DSM 5 ASD was reported to have high specificity but there is variability in specificity when it comes to different diagnostic subgroups [15].”
From Comparison of the diagnostic criteria for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD): A study from North India (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Studies that used more limited datasets, such as the DSM-IV checklist or the ADDM reviews of existing reports (Maenner et al. 2014, McPartland et al. 2012), found less evidence of repetitive behaviors in children with PDD-NOS, which suggests that it is very important that clinicians collect adequate information about these behaviors.”
From Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as McPartland et al. 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nearly 80% of the latter two groups appeared likely to lose their diagnostic label and thus potential eligibility for services (McPartland et al. 2012).”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as McPartland et al. 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This study was quickly followed by a study from McPartland and colleagues (McPartland et al. 2012) that reported results of a data reanalysis of cases from the DSM-IV field trial and reported dramatically reduced diagnostic rates not only in cases with clinical diagnoses of autism, but particularly in those with previous diagnoses of Asperger’s and PDD-NOS.”
From The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond (2021) · cites this paper as McPartland et al. 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“with similar core symptom presentations across the categorical diagnoses [12-16]”
From DSM-5 and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): an opportunity for identifying ASD subtypes (2013) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For the children with high functioning Autism and Asperger's syndrome, this, in turn, has a major impact as they might have received the diagnosis as per DSM-IV-TR or ICD 10 (DCR-10)[15] but they may be at risk of losing a diagnostic label.”
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, many studies have used the clinical records as the information source and not the clinical interview [15,16,18,23,28]”
From Comparison of the diagnostic criteria for Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD): A study from North India (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“There are studies to support that these diagnoses do not translate directly to an ASD diagnosis on DSM-5 [1, 91].”
From Gut microbiota changes in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [91]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentχ²(1) = 17.7reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“X2(1)= 17.7, p < .001”
- Consistentt(931) = 0.57reported p > .05 · recomputed p = .569
“t (931) = .57, p > .05”
- Consistentχ²(5) = 10reported p > .05 · recomputed p = .075
“X2(5) = 10.0, p > .05”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 34.9reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“X2(1)= 34.9, p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(2) = 138.3reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“X2(2) = 138.3, p < .001”
- Consistentt(654) = 0.02reported p = .98 · recomputed p = .984
“t(654) = 0.02, p = .98”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 0.3reported p = .59 · recomputed p = .584
“X2(1)= .30, p = .59”
- Consistentχ²(2) = 46.8reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“X2(2) = 46.8, p < .001”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Sample size is stated as 977 and 933 in different parts of the paper
MinorThe abstract/method summary says the study sample was 977 participants, but the detailed Method states the re-analysis focused on 933 cases after exclusions. Both cannot describe the same analyzed sample without clarification.
“This study focused on a sample of 977 participants evaluated during the DSM-IV field trial; 657 carried a clinical diagnosis of an ASD, and 276 were diagnosed with a non-autistic disorder.”
“This re-analysis focused on 933 cases, omitting individuals diagnosed with non-autistic PDDs (Rett’s Disorder, n=13; Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, n=16), as well as individuals missing data required for the present analyses (n=15).”
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
Hu, R. J. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/01070-4 · Cited by 9,168
Spitzer, R. L. (1978) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770300115013 · Cited by 6,946
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ‐ IV ‐ TR )
Segal, D. L. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0271 · Cited by 4,687
Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
(2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470939352 · Cited by 2,262
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R)
Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. (1987) · Cited by 1,621
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Total Population Sample
Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B. L., Koh, Y.-J., Fombonne, E., Laska, E., Lim, E.-C., Cheon, K.-A., Kim, S.-J., Kim, Y.-K., Lee, H., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101532 · Cited by 1,524
Rice, C. E. (2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e562722010-001 · Cited by 762
A Multisite Study of the Clinical Diagnosis of Different Autism Spectrum Disorders
Lord, C. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.148 · Cited by 516
Mack, A. H. (2011) · Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ypsy.2010.11.009 · Cited by 500
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Klin, 2000, Brief report: interrater reliability of clinical diagnosis and DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder: results of the DSM-IV autism field trial, J Autism Dev Disord, 30, 163, 10.1023/a:1005415823867 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013 · Cited by 2,804
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, FIFTH EDITION
Abbas, A., & Aminoroaia, M. (2013) · Cited by 1,478
Hus, V., Gotham, K., & Lord, C. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1719-1 · Cited by 568
Nicolaidis, C., Raymaker, D., McDonald, K., Dern, S., Boisclair, W. C., Ashkenazy, E., & Baggs, A. (2013) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2262-7 · Cited by 419
“There has been considerable controversy over the proposed criteria, with some studies predicting a significant reduction in the number of people who will meet criteria, especially amongst those diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder or without intellectual disabilities.(65,66) There is concern that those individuals will…”
BackgroundDSM-5 and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): an opportunity for identifying ASD subtypes
Grzadzinski, R., Huerta, M., & Lord, C. (2013) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-4-12 · Cited by 378
“Although concerns have been raised about the validity and diagnostic sensitivity of the proposed DSM-5 criteria [19], a number of studies have emerged in support of the conceptual validity of the new criteria [20].”
BackgroundSubgrouping the Autism Spectrum: Reflections on DSM-5
Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., Chakrabarti, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2013) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001544 · Cited by 330
Huerta, M., Bishop, S. L., Duncan, A., Hus, V., & Lord, C. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020276 · Cited by 341
“McPartland and colleagues assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the proposedDSM-5 criteria by using the DSM-IV field trial checklist items and found DSM-5 to perform quite poorly (7).”
MethodKoegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Ashbaugh, K., & Bradshaw, J. (2014) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.3109/17549507.2013.861511 · Cited by 313
The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond
Rosen, N. E., Lord, C., & Volkmar, F. R. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-04904-1 · Cited by 302
Self-citationMason, D., Ingham, B., Urbanowicz, A., Michael, C., Birtles, H., Woodbury-Smith, M., Brown, T., James, I., Scarlett, C., Nicolaidis, C., et al. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04049-2 · Cited by 291
Potential Impact of DSM-5 Criteria on Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence Estimates
Maenner, M. J., Rice, C. E., Arneson, C. L., Cunniff, C., Schieve, L. A., Carpenter, L. A., Van Naarden Braun, K., Kirby, R. S., Bakian, A. V., & Durkin, M. S. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.3893 · Cited by 292
“20,21 Because the ADDM Network relies on documented descriptions of behaviors through age 8 years, the surveillance system method is consistent with the DSM-5 ’s inclusion of historical behaviors.”
Annual research review: re-thinking the classification of autism spectrum disorders
Lord, C., & Jones, R. M. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02547.x · Cited by 290
“This leaves open highly politicized questions about whether the new sets of criteria will result in changes in prevalence rates (Carey, 2012; McPartland et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFrom Kanner to DSM-5: Autism as an Evolving Diagnostic Concept
Volkmar, F. R., & McPartland, J. C. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153710 · Cited by 351
Self-citationNorbury, C. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12154 · Cited by 294
“For example, McPartland et al. (2012) reported that only 60.6% of participants with a current diagnosis would meet new criteria for ASD, whereas Huerta et al. © 2013 The Authors.”
BackgroundInfluentialPersico, A. M., & Napolioni, V. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.06.012 · Cited by 258
“ASD will be the single diagnostic category adopted y DSM-V, although DSM-V criteria may not consistently detect D and PDD-NOS as part of ASD [4].”
Backgroundvan Veluw, S. J., & Chance, S. A. (2013) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-013-9266-8 · Cited by 240
Recent Advances in Autism Research as Reflected in DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Lord, C., & Bishop, S. L. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112745 · Cited by 224
“…in decreased prevalence of ASD, particularly among individuals with higher cognitive and language abilities and/or those with milder symptoms (e.g., McPartland et al. 2012), whereas others suggest that nearly all those who received a DSM-IV diagnosis of PDD would receive an ASD diagnosis in DSM-5…”
BackgroundMethodEarly diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis: a narrative review
Fernell, E., Eriksson, �., & Gillberg, C. (2013) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s41714 · Cited by 252
“21 The proposed DSM-5 criteria have resulted in vociferous criticism, 2,15,22,23 mostly because of their implication that there exists such a “thing” as a unique and narrow phenotype of autism.”
Diagnostic Issues and Controversies in DSM-5: Return of the False Positives Problem
Wakefield, J. C. (2016) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112800 · Cited by 217
“ASD is DSM-5’s most explicit dimensional category, encompassing DSM-IV’s pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) involving deficits in social relating: autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, Rett’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorders, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).”
ResultInfluentialTariq, Q., Daniels, J., Schwartz, J. N., Washington, P. Y., Kalantarian, H., & Wall, D. P. (2018) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002705 · Cited by 237
“Like most mental health conditions, autism has a complex array of symptoms [7] that are diagnosed through behavioral exams.”
BackgroundKim, Y. S., Fombonne, E. J., Koh, Y., Kim, S., Cheon, K.-A. A., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.021 · Cited by 197
Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening
Thabtah, F. (2017) · International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics (ICMHI) · doi:10.1145/3107514.3107515 · Cited by 196
“[19] results showed that cases related to Asperger’s disorder may be misclassified or missed by the screening methods used if the criteria of diagnoses are based around the DSM-5.”
MethodAutism Spectrum Disorder: Defining Dimensions and Subgroups
Ousley, O., & Cermak, T. (2013) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-013-0003-1 · Cited by 229
Autism Spectrum Disorders and Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity: A Population-Based Study
Becerra, T. A., von Ehrenstein, O. S., Heck, J. E., Olsen, J., Arah, O. A., Jeste, S. S., Rodriguez, M., & Ritz, B. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3928 · Cited by 180
Language Acquisition and Language Disorders
(2013) · Language acquisition & language disorders · doi:10.1075/lald · Cited by 166
Early Identification and Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Executive Summary
Zwaigenbaum, L., Bauman, M. L., Choueiri, R., FEIN, D. A., Kasari, C. L., Pierce, K., Stone, W. L., Yirmiya, N., Estes, A. M., Hansen, R. L., et al. (2015) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3667b · Cited by 175
Self-citationHow will DSM-5 affect autism diagnosis? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Kulage, K. M., Smaldone, A. M., & Cohn, E. G. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2065-2 · Cited by 160
Gut microbiota changes in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Ho, L. K. H., Tong, V. J. W., Syn, N., Nagarajan, N., Tham, E. H., Tay, S. K., Shorey, S., Tambyah, P. A., & Law, E. C. N. (2020) · Gut Pathogens · doi:10.1186/s13099-020-0346-1 · Cited by 149
Wiggins, L. D., Durkin, M. S., Esler, A., Lee, L., Zahorodny, W. M., Rice, C. E., Yeargin‐Allsopp, M., Dowling, N. F., Hall‐Lande, J., Morrier, M. J., et al. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2255 · Cited by 164
Gibbs, V., Aldridge, F., Chandler, F., Witzlsperger, E., & Smith, K. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1560-6 · Cited by 143
“Similar to the findings of McPartland et al. (2012) the majority of those who would miss out under the revised criteria came from the current PDD-NOS group with 50 % failing to meet new criteria.”
Autism in DSM-5: progress and challenges
Volkmar, F. R., & Reichow, B. (2013) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-4-13 · Cited by 140
“McPartland and colleagues reanalyzed a large sample of cases selected from the DSM-IV field trial [24].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDSM-IV vs DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for toddlers with Autism
Matson, J. L., Kozlowski, A. M., Hattier, M. A., Horovitz, M., & Sipes, M. (2012) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3109/17518423.2012.672341 · Cited by 125
Allely, C. S. (2019) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-09-2018-0036 · Cited by 123
Smith, I. C., Reichow, B., & Volkmar, F. R. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2423-8 · Cited by 121
“Table 1 Included studies, participant characteristics, and diagnostic tools Study Location Total N Age: M (SD) Se Sp Diagnostic tool DSM-5 tool Version DSM-5 Barton et al. (2013) US 422 2.2 (.4) .84 .55 ADOS & ADI-R ADOS & ADI-R Proposed Beighley and Matson (2014) US 205 8 (3.4) .58 DSM/ICD Checklist Based on DSM-IV-T…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRomero, M., Aguilar, J. M., Del-Rey-Mejías, Á., Mayoral, F., Rapado, M., Peciña, M., Barbancho, M. Á., Ruiz-Veguilla, M., & Lara, J. P. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.03.001 · Cited by 115
Leveraging Robotics Research for Children with Autism: A Review
Ismail, L. I., Verhoeven, T., Dambre, J., & wyffels, F. (2018) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-018-0508-1 · Cited by 114
Washington, P. Y., Voss, C., Kline, A., Haber, N., Daniels, J., Fazel, A., De, T., Feinstein, C., Winograd, T. A., & Wall, D. P. (2017) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3130977 · Cited by 107
Sensitivity and Specificity of Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers
Barton, M. L., Robins, D. L., Jashar, D., Brennan, L., & Fein, D. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1817-8 · Cited by 102
DSM-5: An Overview of Changes and Controversies
Wakefield, J. C. (2013) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-013-0445-2 · Cited by 101
Comparison of ICD-10R, DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 in an Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Clinic
Wilson, C. E., Gillan, N., Spain, D., Robertson, D., Roberts, G., Murphy, C. M., Maltezos, S., Zinkstok, J., Johnston, K., Dardani, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1799-6 · Cited by 99
“The effect of the proposed changes on diagnostic outcomes has been investigated in children and adolescents— with several studies reporting that the specificity of the proposed DSM-5 criteria is good, but sensitivity is relatively poor, when judged against current ICD-10R or DSM-IV-TR criteria (Frazier et al. 2012; Ma…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYoung, R. L., & Rodi, M. L. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1927-3 · Cited by 99
Chen, J., Xin, K., Wei, J., Zhang, K., & Xiao, H. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.08.013 · Cited by 96
INCLEN diagnostic tool for autism spectrum disorder (INDT-ASD): Development and validation
Inclen Study Group, Juneja, M., Mishra, D., Russell, P. S. S., Gulati, S., Deshmukh, V., Tudu, P., Sagar, R., Silberberg, D. H., Bhutani, V. K., et al. (2014) · Indian Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s13312-014-0417-9 · Cited by 94
“The specificity of INDT-ASD is similar to that of DSM-5 (95%) but the sensitivity is much higher (76%) [22].”
MethodAutism, females, and the DSM-5: Gender bias in autism diagnosis
Haney, J. L. (2015) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2015.1031858 · Cited by 113
“McPartland et al. (2012) found that a slightly higher percentage of females met criteria for autism diagnosis than males (63.2% vs. 60.4”
BackgroundInfluentialWaterhouse, L. H., London, E., & Gillberg, C. (2016) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-016-0085-x · Cited by 106
Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Presmanes Hill, A., Zuckerman, K., & Fombonne, E. (2015) · Translational Approaches to Autism Spectrum Disorder · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16321-5_2 · Cited by 94
How Does Relaxing the Algorithm for Autism Affect DSM-V Prevalence Rates?
Matson, J. L., Hattier, M. A., & Williams, L. W. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1582-0 · Cited by 90
Brief Report: Comparability of DSM-IV and DSM-5 ASD Research Samples
Mazefsky, C. A., McPartland, J. C., Gastgeb, H. Z., & Minshew, N. J. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1665-y · Cited by 88
“Sensitivity has been especially low for individuals diagnosed with Asperger's disorder or PDD-NOS and those with normative cognitive function and better developed verbal abilities (e.g. Mattila et al. 2011; McPartland et al. 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe changing prevalence of autism in three regions of Canada
Ouellette-Kuntz, H. M. J., Coo, H., Lam, M., Breitenbach, M. M., Hennessey, P. E., Jackman, P. D., Lewis, M. E. S., Dewey, D., Bernier, F. P., & Chung, A. M. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1856-1 · Cited by 106
“It is important to note, however, that the introduction of the DSM-5 in 2013 is likely to identify fewer children with autism, as it will require more severe and numerous symptoms to meet the criteria for the newly proposed classification of ‘‘autism spectrum disorder’’ (Matson et al. 2012; McPartland et al. 2012).”
BackgroundClassification of autism and related conditions: progress, challenges, and opportunities
Volkmar, F., Reichow, B., & McPartland, J. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.3/fvolkmar · Cited by 59
“Our own research group re-examined the large data set collected as part of the DSM-IV field trial.(59) We evaluated sensitivity and specificity by creating an algorithm mapping symptom checklists collected during the field trial onto proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.”
MethodSelf-citationDiagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder: who will get a DSM‐5 diagnosis?
Kent, R. G., Carrington, S. J., Couteur, A. S. L., Gould, J., Wing, L., Maljaars, J., Noens, I. L. J., van Berckelaer‐Onnes, I., & Leekam, S. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12085 · Cited by 82
“Relaxing the criteria decreased specificity for all three algorithms, although this effect was not significant in either sample (p > .01).”
BackgroundConsiderations in biomarker development for neurodevelopmental disorders
McPartland, J. C. (2016) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000300 · Cited by 88
Self-citationSchool-Based Autism Identification: Prevalence, Racial Disparities, and Systemic Correlates
Sullivan, A. L. (2013) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2013.12087475 · Cited by 79
Exploring the Proposed DSM-5 Criteria in a Clinical Sample
Taheri, A., & Perry, A. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1599-4 · Cited by 78
Giles, D. C. (2014) · Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459313488006 · Cited by 78
“McPartland et al. (2012) revisited 933 individuals from the field trials that informed the DSM-IV and rediagnosed them according to the proposed criteria.”
BackgroundCampisi, L., Imran, N., Nazeer, A., Skokauskas, N., & Azeem, M. W. (2018) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldy026 · Cited by 92
Frequency and Pattern of Documented Diagnostic Features and the Age of Autism Identification
Maenner, M. J., Schieve, L. A., Rice, C. E., Cunniff, C. M., Giarelli, E., Kirby, R. S., Lee, L.-C., Nicholas, J. S., Wingate, M. S., & Durkin, M. S. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.01.014 · Cited by 79
Mayes, S. D., Black, A., & Tierney, C. D. (2013) · Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.011 · Cited by 72
Biomarkers for Psychiatric Disorders: Where Are We Standing?
Martins‐de‐Souza, D. (2013) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2013/321071 · Cited by 78
Revisiting the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder among Omani Children: A multicentre study
Al-Mamari, W., Idris, A. B., Dakak, S., Al-Shekaili, M., Al-Harthi, Z., Alnaamani, A. M., Alhinai, F. I., Jalees, S., Hatmi, M. A., El-Naggari, M. A., et al. (2019) · Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal · doi:10.18295/squmj.2019.19.04.005 · Cited by 67
Commentary from the DSM-5 Workgroup on Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Swedo, S. E., Baird, G., Cook, E. H., Happé, F. G., Harris, J. C., Kaufmann, W. E., King, B. H., Lord, C. E., Piven, J., Rogers, S. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.013 · Cited by 70
Yuen, T., Penner, M., Carter, M. T., Szatmári, P., & Ungar, W. J. (2018) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.13964 · Cited by 74
“First, the diagnostic criteria for ASD have changed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV to 5,(36) and validation studies reported that children with severe ASD remain on the spectrum but that some with milder symptoms or those without repetitive behavior do not.(37,38) In turn, the…”
BackgroundNeurodevelopmental Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders
Jeste, S. (2015) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.con.0000466661.89908.3c · Cited by 71
“Some studies demonstrate very high consistencywhile others suggest that high functioning children with autism spectrumdisorder (previously diagnosed with Asperger or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified) may no longer meet diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder.(36,37)”
BackgroundYu, J. Z., & Kong, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00609 · Cited by 66
“Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) refers to a group of lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behavior (McPartland et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDiagnostic Domain Defense: Autism Spectrum Disorder and the DSM-5
Barker, K., & Galardi, T. R. (2015) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spu001 · Cited by 67
What the DSM-5 Portends for Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Mahjouri, S., & Lord, C. E. (2012) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0327-2 · Cited by 66
“Considerable media attention has been paid to the possibility that the unification of ASDs into one disorder may leave many individuals currently diagnosed with ASD without a diagnosis [47–49].”
BackgroundInfluentialBlatt, G. J. (2012) · Scientifica · doi:10.6064/2012/703675 · Cited by 75
Change in Autism Diagnoses Prior to and Following the Introduction of DSM-5
Bent, C. A., Barbaro, J., & Dissanayake, C. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2942-y · Cited by 65
Update on diagnostic classification in autism
King, B. H., Navot, N., Bernier, R., & Webb, S. J. (2014) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000040 · Cited by 64
Review of Factor Analytic Studies Examining Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Shuster, J., Perry, A., Bebko, J. M., & Toplak, M. E. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1854-3 · Cited by 71
“…that have begun to examine the construct validity of the proposed DSM-5 criteria (e.g., Gibbs et al. 2012; Matson et al. 2012; Mattila et al. 2011; McPartland et al. 2012; Taheri and Perry 2012; Worley and Matson 2012) emphasize the importance of examining proposed changes to diagnostic criteria…”
Annual Research Review: Translational machine learning for child and adolescent psychiatry
Dwyer, D., & Koutsouleris, N. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13545 · Cited by 71
Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S. L., Murray, M. J., Pearl, A. M., Black, A., & Tierney, C. D. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.11.002 · Cited by 60
Changes in the Diagnosis of Autism: How Parents and Professionals Act and React in France
Chamak, B., & Bonniau, B. (2013) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-013-9323-1 · Cited by 76
“Many parents are relieved when a professional corroborates what they initially suspected (Midence and O’Neill 1999; Mansell and Morris 2004; Sullivan 1997), and they are often less upset by the term ‘‘autism’’ than by the phrase ‘‘mentally retarded’’.”
BackgroundSpringer, P. E., van Toorn, R., Laughton, B., & Kidd, M. (2013) · South African Journal of Child Health · doi:10.7196/sajch.530 · Cited by 65
Asperger syndrome in males over two decades: stability and predictors of diagnosis
Helles, A., Gillberg, C. I., Gillberg, C., & Billstedt, E. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12334 · Cited by 68
Lobar, S. L. (2015) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.09.005 · Cited by 59
Autism Research and Services for Young Children: History, Progress and Challenges
Thompson, T. I. (2013) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12021 · Cited by 67
Failed drug discovery in psychiatry: time for human genome-guided solutions
Papassotiropoulos, A., & de Quervain, D. J. ‐. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.02.002 · Cited by 59
Comparison of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Factor Structure Models for Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Guthrie, W., Swineford, L. B., Wetherby, A. M., & Lord, C. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.004 · Cited by 58
Schooling for Pupils with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parents’ Perspectives
Anderson, L. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04496-2 · Cited by 102
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Forensic Issues and Challenges for Mental Health Professionals and Courts
Freckelton, I. R. (2013) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12036 · Cited by 54
A Concise History of Asperger Syndrome: The Short Reign of a Troublesome Diagnosis
Barahona-Corrêa, B., & Filipe, C. N. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02024 · Cited by 73
“Moreover, there are concerns that the new definition of ASD is too restrictive and will exclude many patients with AS from access to specialized treatment (Frazier et al., 2012; McPartland et al., 2012; Mayes et al., 2013).”
BackgroundArmstrong, K., & Iarocci, G. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1769-z · Cited by 58
“A recent study found that sensitivity of the new criteria was improved when developmental information was combined with current behavioural observations (Mazefsky et al. 2012).”
BackgroundWhat is this thing called autism? A critical analysis of the tenacious search for autism's essence
Verhoeff, B. (2012) · BioSocieties · doi:10.1057/biosoc.2012.23 · Cited by 53
Functional Connectome–Based Predictive Modeling in Autism
Horien, C. L., Floris, D. L., Greene, A. S., Noble, S., Rolison, M. J., Tejavibulya, L., O’Connor, D. A., McPartland, J. C., Scheinost, D., Chawarska, K., et al. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.04.008 · Cited by 49
Self-citationDSM-5 Changes and the Prevalence of Parent-Reported Autism Spectrum Symptoms in Fragile X Syndrome
Wheeler, A., Mussey, J. L., Villagomez, A. N., Bishop, E. E., Raspa, M., Edwards, A., Bodfish, J. W., Bann, C., & Bailey, D. B. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2246-z · Cited by 59
“However, the specificity was noted to depend on severity, with individuals who would have been diagnosed with PDD-NOS based on the DSM-IV-TR being under-identified in several studies using DSM-5 criteria (Gibbs et al. 2012; Matson et al. 2012; Mayes et al. 2013; McParland et al. 2012).”
MethodMazurek, M. O., Lu, F., Symecko, H., Butter, E., Bing, N. M., Hundley, R. J., Poulsen, M., Kanne, S. M., Macklin, E. A., & Handen, B. L. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3200-7 · Cited by 49
Differentiating Social Maladjustment From Emotional Disturbance: An Analysis of Case Law
Sullivan, A. L., & Sadeh, S. S. (2014) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.17105/spr-13-0038.1 · Cited by 49
Pang, Y., Lee, C.-M., Wright, M., Shen, J., Shen, B., & Bo, J. (2018) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.06.003 · Cited by 49
DSM-5's Conceptualization of Autistic Disorders
Skuse, D. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.02.009 · Cited by 47
Health care transition services for youth with autism spectrum disorders.
Cheak‐Zamora, N., Farmer, J. E., Mayfield, W. A., Clark, M. J., Marvin, A. R., Law, K., & Law, P. A. (2014) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036725 · Cited by 46
Current Progress and Challenges in the Search for Autism Biomarkers
Voineagu, I., & Yoo, H. J. (2013) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2013/476276 · Cited by 50
Comparing Diagnostic Outcomes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 Criteria
Harstad, E. B., Fogler, J., Sideridis, G. D., Weas, S., Mauras, C. P., & Barbaresi, W. J. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2306-4 · Cited by 47
Object play in infants with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal retrospective video analysis
Wilson, K. P., Carter, M., Wiener, H. L., DeRamus, M., Bulluck, J., Watson, L. R., Crais, E. R., & Baranek, G. T. (2017) · Autism & Developmental Language Impairments · doi:10.1177/2396941517713186 · Cited by 45
Zhang, L., Fu, Q., Swanson, A. R., Weitlauf, A. S., Warren, Z. E., & Sarkar, N. (2018) · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing · doi:10.1145/3209687 · Cited by 44
“Impairments in multisensory integration, which generally involves how information from the different sensory modalities, such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion, and taste, may be integrated by the nervous system [20], is one of the diagnostic criteria for ASD [21].”
BackgroundOhan, J. L., Ellefson, S. E., & Corrigan, P. W. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2485-7 · Cited by 42
“We created a vignette of a 9-year old child who would meet criteria for bothDSM-IV-TRAsperger’s disorder andDSM-5 Autistic Spectrum Disorder (see ‘‘Appendix’’).”
BackgroundInfluentialFoley-Nicpon, M., L. Fosenburg, S., G. Wurster, K., & Assouline, S. G. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2973-4 · Cited by 41
“2012) or did not meet all four social-communication criteria (McPartland et al. 2012).”
BackgroundMethodDSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder: In search of essential behaviours for diagnosis
Carrington, S. J., Kent, R. G., Maljaars, J., Couteur, A. S. L., Gould, J., Wing, L., Noens, I. L. J., van Berckelaer‐Onnes, I., & Leekam, S. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.017 · Cited by 41
Greaves‐Lord, K., Eussen, M. L. J. M., Verhulst, F. C., Minderaa, R. B., Mandy, W., Hudziak, J. J., Steenhuis, M., de Nijs, P. F. A., & Hartman, C. A. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1724-4 · Cited by 40
“Without a formal diagnosis, such individuals could no longer be eligible for funding for clinical and/or educational support, which could have substantial societal and public health ramifications (McPartland et al. 2012).”
BackgroundSerum levels of SOD and risk of autism spectrum disorder: A case‐control study
Wang, L., Jia, J., Zhang, J., & Li, K. (2016) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.04.004 · Cited by 41
“When recorded on admission, different variables are allegedly associated with risk of ASD, for example, thioredoxin (Zhang et al., 2015), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Meng et al., 2016), inflammatory-related neuropeptides (Mostafa et al., 2016), and peripheral cytokine profile (Krakowiak et al., 2015).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- McPartland, J. C., Reichow, B., & Volkmar, F. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McPartland, James C.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 368-383
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3424065
- OpenAlex
- W2024803279
- Cited by
- 476
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 36.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH086785, P50MH081756)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD003008, P01HD003008)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, sensitivity and specificity, autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, nonverbal communication, cognitive ability, diagnostic criteria revision
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Disability Evaluation, Eligibility Determination, Humans, Mental Health Services, Sensitivity and Specificity, United States, Incidence, Asperger Syndrome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Checklist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
