Maternal depression and warmth during childhood predict age 20 neural response to reward
Open accessAbstract
Objective Early parenting experiences likely shape children's brain development, with consequences potentially extending into adulthood. Parents' affective disorders and expressions of positive affect could exert an influence on affect-related circuitry. The current study evaluated how maternal depression and maternal warmth assessed in early childhood and early adolescence were related to boys' reward function during early adulthood.Method Participants were 120 boys at socioeconomic risk for emotional problems. Mothers' history of depression during the child's lifetime was measured when boys were 42 months old and 10 and 11 years old. Maternal warmth was observed during mother-child interactions at 18 and 24 months and at 10 and 11 years.Results Maternal warmth during early childhood was associated with less activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) when anticipating and experiencing reward loss. Maternal warmth during early adolescence was associated with less activation in the mPFC when winning rewards and greater activation in the caudate when experiencing loss. The association between maternal warmth during early childhood and early adolescence and reward function in the striatum and mPFC was stronger for boys exposed to maternal depression relative to boys who were not.Conclusions The experience of warmth and affection from mothers may be a protective factor for reward function in boys exposed to maternal depression, possibly by engaging vulnerable neural reward systems through affiliation.
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Greater maternal warmth in adolescence is associated with reduced mPFC when winning rewards and greater striatal activation when losing rewards at age 20.
“greater maternal warmth in adolescence (10 and 11 years) was associated with reduced mPFC when winning rewards and greater striatal activation when losing rewards at age 20.”
From Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as Morgan et al., 2014
Greater maternal warmth in early childhood is associated with reduced activation in sons' mPFC when anticipating monetary loss in late adolescence.
“greater maternal warmth in early childhood (18 and 24 months), observed during mother-child interactions, was associated with reduced activation in sons’ mPFC when anticipating monetary loss in late adolescence (age 20; Morgan et al., 2014)”
From Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as Morgan et al., 2014
For young adult men, low early maternal warmth correlates with greater medial prefrontal and striatal activation while anticipating money.
“In young adult males, low maternal warmth in early childhood was associated with increased medial prefrontal cortex and striatal activation during anticipation of monetary reward (Morgan et al., 2014).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Morgan et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Morgan, J. K., Shaw, D. S., & Forbes, E. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morgan, Judith K.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 108-117.e1
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3926515
- OpenAlex
- W1965105471
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 7.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pittsburgh
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da002622-17, R01 DA02622)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH050907, K01MH099220)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA02622, R01DA026222)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- maternal depression, maternal warmth, reward processing, medial prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, reward anticipation, early childhood, early adolescence, boys, socioeconomic risk, mother-child interaction, protective factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Caudate Nucleus, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Depression, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Reward, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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