Prevalence of sunburn, sun protection, and indoor tanning behaviors among Americans: Review from national surveys and case studies of 3 states
Open accessAbstract
Background Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (from solar and nonsolar sources) is a risk factor for skin cancer.Objective We sought to summarize recent estimates on sunburns, sun-protection behaviors, and indoor tanning available from national and selected statewide behavioral surveys.Methods Estimates of the prevalence of sunburn, sun-protection behaviors, and indoor tanning by US adults, adolescents, and children collected in national surveys in 1992, 2004 to 2005, and 2007 to 2009 were identified and extracted from searches of computerized databases (ie, MEDLINE and PsychINFO), reference lists, and survey World Wide Web sites. Sunburn estimates from 3 state Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Systems were also analyzed.Results Latest published estimates (2005) showed that 34.4% of US adults were sunburned in the past year. Incidence of sunburns was highest among men, non-Hispanic whites, young adults, and high-income groups in national surveys. About 3 in 10 adults routinely practiced sun-protection behaviors, and women and older adults took the most precautions. Among adolescents, 69% were sunburned in the previous summer and less than 40% practiced sun protection. Approximately 60% of parents applied sunscreen and a quarter used shade to protect children. Indoor tanning was prevalent among younger adults and females.Limitations Limitations include potential recall errors and social desirability in self-report measures, and lack of current data on children.Conclusion Many Americans experienced sunburns and a minority engaged in protective behaviors. Females and older adults were most vigilant about sun protection. Substantial proportions of young women and adolescents recently used indoor tanning. Future efforts should promote protective hats, clothing, and shade; motivate males and younger populations to take precautions; and convince women and adolescents to reduce indoor tanning.
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Sunscreen is a common form of sun protection used by US adults.
“Sunscreen is a common form of sun protection used by US adults.1–4”
From Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
Consistent with previous findings, this study suggests that sunscreen use is low among non-Hispanic blacks and those who tend not to sunburn.
“For example, consistent with previous findings, this study suggests that sunscreen use is low among non-Hispanic blacks and those who tend not to sunburn.1, 2, 4”
From Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
Studies have consistently found low sunscreen use among non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians relative to White individuals.
“studies have consistently found low use of sunscreen among non-Hispanic Blacks [90–94], Hispanics [91, 92, 94], and Asians [94, 95] relative to White individuals.”
From Photoprotection for skin of color (2022) · cites this paper as [91]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Buller, D. B., Cokkinides, V., Hall, H. I., Hartman, A. M., Saraiya, M., Miller, E., Paddock, L., & Glanz, K.
- Affiliations
- Klein Buendel (United States) (US)
- American Cancer Society (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Texas Department of State Health Services (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Buller, David B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- S114.e1-S114.e11
- ISSN
- 0190-9622 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155318601
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 3.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- sunburn, sun protection behavior, indoor tanning, UV exposure, skin cancer risk, adolescents, adults, sunscreen use, shade use, sex differences, age differences, prevalence estimates, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Registries, Skin Neoplasms, Sunburn, Sunscreening Agents, Ultraviolet Rays, United States, Health Behavior, Sunbathing, Young Adult
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