The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cardiac Origins of the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Objectives To test the hypothesis that a small heart coupled with reduced blood volume contributes to the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), while exercise training improves this syndrome. Background Patients with POTS have marked increases in heart rate during orthostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown and the effective therapy is uncertain. Methods Twenty-seven POTS patients underwent autonomic function tests, cardiac MRI, and blood volume measurements. Twenty-five of them participated in a 3-mo specially designed exercise training program with 19 completing the program; these patients were reevaluated after training. Results were compared with those of 16 healthy controls. Results Upright heart rate and total peripheral resistance were greater, while stroke volume and cardiac output were smaller in patients than controls. Baroreflex function was similar between groups. Left ventricular mass (median [25%, 75%], 1.26 [1.12, 1.37] vs 1.45 [1.34, 1.57] g/kg; P<0.01) and blood volume (60 [54, 64] vs 71 [65, 78] ml/kg; P<0.01) were smaller in patients than controls. Exercise training increased left ventricular mass and blood volume by ~12% and ~7%, and decreased upright heart rate by 9 [1, 17] bpm. Ten out of 19 patients no longer met POTS criteria after training, while patients’ Quality of Life assessed by Short-Form 36 was improved in all patients after training. Conclusions Autonomic function was intact in POTS patients. The marked tachycardia during orthostasis was attributable to a small heart coupled with reduced blood volume. Exercise training improved or even cured this syndrome in the majority of patients. It seems reasonable to offer POTS a new name based on its underlying pathophysiology – “The Grinch Syndrome”, because in this famous children’s book by Dr. Seuss, the main character had a heart that was “two sizes too small.”
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Deconditioned patients with POTS have reduced left ventricular mass, stroke volume, and blood volume,35 which improve with exercise training.”
From 2015 Heart Rhythm Society Expert Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia, and Vasovagal Syncope (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Figure 2B shows the tight relationship between stroke volume and HR in men, healthy women, and women with POTS (4,12).”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“healthy women have smaller stroke volumes and higher HRs compared with healthy men, whereas women with POTS have both an exaggerated fall in stroke volume and an apparent compensatory rise in HR.”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“One feature that appears to be universally present in all POTS is cardiovascular deconditioning, a specific biological process characterized by cardiac atrophy and hypovolemia (4).”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Multiple parameters associated with deconditioning have also been demonstrated in POTS patients, including reduced cardiac size and mass (by 16%), reduced blood volume (by 20%), reduced stroke volume, and reduced peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) when compared with matched sedentary controls (4).”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The majority of patients who complete the exercise training program no longer meet criteria for POTS, and the vast majority, if not all patients, report improved quality of life using a reliable and valid questionnaire (4,101).”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Most patients with POTS have low cardiac stroke volume,26 which may cause the sinus tachycardia.”
From Diagnosis and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The findings of a 2010 case–control intervention study suggest that regular, nonupright exercise with a focus on aerobic reconditioning improves cardiovascular hemodynamics and symptoms in patients with POTS.26”
From Diagnosis and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“More commonly proposed causes include partial peripheral neuropathy (“neuropathic POTS”),19 a deficit in blood volume, abnormalities in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)20, physical deconditioning,10 autoantibodies targeting peripheral adrenergic receptors21 and a hyperadrenergic state resulting from central activation of the sympathetic nervous system (“HyperPOTS”).”
From Hyperadrenergic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: Clinical Biomarkers and Response to Guanfacine (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“direct testing of autonomic function in this patient population is often normal/appropriate for the hemodynamic stress (4).”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the positive response these patients have to exercise training, which has been demonstrated to expand blood volume and increase cardiac size and mass in POTS patients and result in a prominent decrease in symptoms (4,63,64).”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Research has demonstrated that physical reconditioning with a short-term (3 month) progressive exercise training program leads to improvement or remission of POTS in the majority of patients (4,64).”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The three-month Dallas Program, which involves aerobic exercise coupled with resistance training, improves orthostatic and exercise tachycardia, symptoms, and quality of life [13;62;63].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Although it may not be clear if deconditioning is a primary problem or secondary to POTS, many patients with POTS do have cardiovascular deconditioning and do benefit from a program of aerobic exercise and resistance training [13].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“One of the more consistent findings in patients with POTS is a deficit in total blood, plasma and red cell volume [45;13;46].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Improvement is related to an increase in the size of the heart and increased blood volume [13]. The improved stroke volume decreases tachycardia.”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“This finding suggests that deconditioning, with its subsequent plasma volume reduction and decreased stroke volume, may play a significant role in the development of a POTS phenotype (42).”
From Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: mechanisms and new therapies (2020) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“POTS patients who participated in and completed 3 months of exercise training garnered a significant reduction in orthostatic tachycardia and experienced significant increases in blood volume (42).”
From Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: mechanisms and new therapies (2020) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“In fact, 50-70% of POTS patients who complete 3 months of endurance training exhibit hemodynamic changes that no longer meet criteria for POTS (42, 62, 63).”
From Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: mechanisms and new therapies (2020) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Exercise training may be very effective and has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of POTS-related deconditioning [66,67].”
From Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: clinical presentation, aetiology and management (2019) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“Studies that reported a plasma volume deficit in POTS patients despite a normal- to high-sodium diet (≥150 mEq sodium/day) (6, 14, 15), suggest that patients may not effectively respond to dietary sodium with plasma volume expansion.”
From Effect of High Dietary Sodium Intake in Patients With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide
Ware, J. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,424
Somatosensory, proprioceptive, and sympathetic activity in human peripheral nerves
Vallbo, A. B., Hagbarth, K. E., Torebjork, H. E., & Wallin, B. G. (1979) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1979.59.4.919 · Cited by 1,507
Response to Exercise After Bed Rest and After Training.
(1969) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-71-2-444_1 · Cited by 914
Autoantibodies to ganglionic acetylcholine receptors in autoimmune autonomic neuropathies
Vernino, S., Low, P. A., Fealey, R. D., Stewart, J. D., Farrugia, G., & Lennon, V. A. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200009213431204 · Cited by 674
Orthostatic Intolerance and Tachycardia Associated with Norepinephrine-Transporter Deficiency
Shannon, J. R., Flattem, N. L., Jordan, J., Jacob, G., Black, B. K., Biaggioni, I., Blakely, R. D., & Robertson, D. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200002243420803 · Cited by 594
Effect of Endurance Exercise on Autonomic Control of Heart Rate
Carter, J. B., Banister, E. W., & Blaber, A. P. (2003) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200333010-00003 · Cited by 556
Cardiac Atrophy After Bed-Rest Deconditioning: A Nonneural Mechanism for Orthostatic Intolerance
Levine, B. D., Zuckerman, J. H., & Pawelczyk, J. A. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.2.517 · Cited by 371
Self-citationPostural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
LOW, P. A., SANDRONI, P., JOYNER, M., & SHEN, W. (2009) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01407.x · Cited by 358
Levine, B. D., Lane, L. D., Buckey, J. C., Friedman, D. B., & Blomqvist, C. G. (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.84.3.1016 · Cited by 320
Self-citationPostural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
Raj, S. R. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.144501 · Cited by 320
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Fu, 2008, Exercise training but not beta-adrenergic blockade treatment improves the renin-aldosterone response during prolonged orthostasis in the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, Clin Auton Res, 18, 267
- Fu, 2007, Vasomotor sympathetic and hemodynamic responses during upright tilt in the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, FASEB J, 21, 750.20
- Grubb, 2008, Cardiology patient pages, Circulation, 118, e61
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 330
Ives, C. T., & Kimpinski, K. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.02.014 · Cited by 7
Richardson, M. V., Nordon‐Craft, A., & Carrothers, L. (2017) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2017.1328719 · Cited by 6
Angaran, P., Klein, G. J., Yee, R. K., Skanes, A. C., Gula, L. J., Leong‐Sit, P., & Krahn, A. D. (2011) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.07.005 · Cited by 6
Distinct Hemodynamic Responses That Culminate With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
de Oliveira, M. D. C. S., Távora‐Mehta, M. Z. P., Mehta, N., Magajevski, A. S., Concato, L., Ortiz, M. R., Doubrawa, E., & Lofrano‐Alves, M. S. (2023) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.03.027 · Cited by 7
Le syndrome de tachycardie posturale (PoTS) : une maladie pour l’interniste
Astudillo, L. M., Laure, A., Fabry, V., Pugnet, G., Maury, P., Labrunée, M., Sailler, L., & Traon, A. P. (2018) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2018.04.017 · Cited by 6
Kamali, F. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-80915-3.00043-0 · Cited by 6
Kakavand, B., Maul, T. M., Madueme, P. C., & Dadlani, G. H. (2023) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-023-03113-0 · Cited by 5
Meenakshisundaram, C., Moustafa, A., Ranabothu, M., Maraey, A. M., & Grubb, B. P. (2024) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2023.12.011 · Cited by 5
van Campen, C. M. C., Rowe, P. C., & Visser, F. C. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13247726 · Cited by 6
Suspected COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Maharaj, N., Swarath, S., Seecheran, R. V., Seecheran, V. K., Panday, A., & Seecheran, N. A. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.34236 · Cited by 5
Rocco, P., Reátegui-Rivera, C. M., & Finkelstein, J. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s495088 · Cited by 6
Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm of the Heart
Hare, G. F. V. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0755-7.00429-2 · Cited by 5
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome for the otolaryngologist
Bogle, J. M., Goodman, B. P., & Barrs, D. M. (2016) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.26269 · Cited by 5
Pathophysiology and Classification of PoTS
Lloyd, M., & Raj, S. (2020) · Postural Tachycardia Syndrome · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54165-1_5 · Cited by 4
Shephard, R. J. (2012) · Yearbook of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.yspm.2011.09.012 · Cited by 5
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Goodkin, M. B., & Bellew, L. J. (2014) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.7556/jaoa.2014.173 · Cited by 5
Exercise Training in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Joyner, M. J. (2011) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.173872 · Cited by 5
Kulapatana, S., Urechie, V., Rigo, S., Mohr, A., Vance, Y. A., Okamoto, L. E., Gamboa, A. C., Shibao, C. A., Biaggioni, I., Furlan, R., et al. (2024) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-024-01091-8 · Cited by 4
Wei, L., Cheng, H., Chen, S., Dai, J., Li, G., Ding, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, K., Li, J., & Hou, J. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0327236 · Cited by 4
Hebson, C. L., Wall, K. M., Roby, K. V., Borasino, P., Gould, S. J., Chaviano, K. N., & Kane, A. M. (2025) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951125000198 · Cited by 4
Sex differences in fitness and cardiac function during exercise in adolescents with chronic fatigue
Pianosi, P. T., Emerling, E., Mara, K. C., Weaver, A. L., & Fischer, P. R. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12922 · Cited by 4
Exercise Guidelines for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Wandele, I. D., Low, D. A., Rowe, P. C., & Simmonds, J. V. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54165-1_26 · Cited by 4
Hemodynamic responses at anaerobic threshold during exercise in preload insufficiency
Fakhri, S., Campedelli, L., & Risbano, M. G. (2024) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.14343 · Cited by 4
Acute Water Ingestion as a Treatment for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Ziffra, J. B., & Olshansky, B. (2019) · Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management · doi:10.19102/icrm.2019.100206 · Cited by 4
Alnoor, M. S., Varner, H. K., Butler, I. J., Lankford, J. E., Zhu, L., & Numan, M. T. (2022) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-022-02815-1 · Cited by 4
Peptides in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Benditt, D. G., & Chen, L. Y. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.021 · Cited by 4
Cy, T., Hx, L., Xy, L., Cs, T., Jin, H., & Jb, D. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2019.03.007 · Cited by 3
Treatment Updates in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Goodman, B. P. (2020) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-020-00643-3 · Cited by 3
Desmopressin as a Novel Long-Term Treatment in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome Patients with Polyuria
Seeley, M., Thynne, T., Braund, W. J., Worthley, D. L., Gallagher, C., Sanders, P., & Lau, D. H. (2021) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.03.028 · Cited by 3
van Campen, C. M. C., Rowe, P. C., & Visser, F. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1169447 · Cited by 3
Andrade, C. P., Zamunér, A. R., Barbic, F., Porta, A., Rigo, S., Shiffer, D., Bringard, A., Fagoni, N., Ferretti, G., & Furlan, R. (2024) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05662-5 · Cited by 3
Metabolic targets in the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A short thematic review
Glasgow, A. C., & Kim, J. Y. (2024) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103232 · Cited by 3
Does non-pharmacological treatment affect outcomes in dysautonomic syndromes?
HACHUL, D. T. (2014) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.2014.0093 · Cited by 3
“Doesn’t Anyone Believe How I Feel?”
Uhrich, A. E., & Hartung, S. Q. (2015) · NASN School Nurse · doi:10.1177/1942602x14563801 · Cited by 3
Škerk, V., Pintarić, H., Delić-Brkljačić, D., Popović, Z., & Hečimović, H. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Deolalikar, S., Neeraj, Pannu, A., & Pandian, J. D. (2019) · CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research · doi:10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_81_18 · Cited by 3
Emergence of Functional Heart-Brain Circuits in a VertebratePreprint
Hernandez-Nunez, L., Avrami, J., Shi, S., Markarian, A., Kim, A., Boulanger-Weill, J., Ruetten, V. M. S., Zarghani-Shiraz, A., Ahrens, M. B., Engert, F., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677693 · Cited by 6
Conditions Associated with Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: POTS, MCAS, EDS
DeCicco, J. P., Johnson, J., & Wilson, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80740-4_6 · Cited by 2
Sjögren, P., Huhmar, H., Bertilson, B. C., Bragée, B., & Polo, O. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1601599 · Cited by 2
Hogwood, A. C., Abbate, G., THOMAS, G. K., Markley, R., Priday, A. G., Arena, R. A., Abbate, A., & Canada, J. M. (2025) · Exercise Sport and Movement · doi:10.1249/esm.0000000000000055 · Cited by 2
Neurological Complications of Cardiac Disease
Madan, N., & Carvalho, K. S. (2017) · Seminars in Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.spen.2017.01.001 · Cited by 2
Abnormal Cardiac Remodeling in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Malik, V., Nguyen, M. T., Seeley, M., Thiyagarajah, A., Elliott, A. D., Arnolda, L., Sanders, P., & Lau, D. H. (2022) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2022.02.012 · Cited by 2
Dizziness, Syncope, and Autonomic Dysfunction in Children
Kakavand, B. (2022) · Progress in Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ppedcard.2022.101512 · Cited by 2
Complex breathlessness in postural tachycardia syndrome and autonomic dysfunction
Gall, N. P., & Reilly, C. C. (2022) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/2312508x.10013621 · Cited by 2
Duras, E., İrdem, A. K., Korbeyli, H. K., Aygün, F., & Dursun, H. (2018) · Journal of Contemporary Medicine · doi:10.16899/gopctd.420597 · Cited by 2
Skow, R. J., Foulkes, S., Seres, P., Freer, M. A., Mathieu, E. D., Raj, S. R., Thompson, R. B., Haykowsky, M. H., & Richer, L. P. (2024) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15979 · Cited by 2
Waheed, W., & Holmes, G. L. (2024) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.09.025 · Cited by 2
Current look on postural tachycardia syndrome
Vykoupil, K. (2015) · Cor et Vasa · doi:10.1016/j.crvasa.2015.08.008 · Cited by 2
Merguerian, C., Smith, A. D., & Ives, S. J. (2021) · Journal of Exercise and Nutrition · doi:10.53520/jen2021.103111 · Cited by 2
Patients with POTS fear that data on abnormal haemodynamic physiology have been ignored
Bourne, K. M., Raj, V., Sheldon, R. S., & Raj, S. R. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac347 · Cited by 2
Afshar, Z. M., Mazaherinia, H., rostami, H. N., Babazadeh, A., Barary, M., Hashemi, E., & Ebrahimpour, S. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0889.v1 · Cited by 2
Autonomic Nervous System and the Heart
Jaeger, F. J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.00503-0 · Cited by 2
Garg, K., Trehan, S., Fredrick, F. C., Singla, A., Aggarwal, K., Gupta, A., & Jain, R. (2025) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/011573403x341624250324164700 · Cited by 1
van Campen, C. M. C., & Visser, F. C. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14113648 · Cited by 2
Malik, V., Roy, B., Sarkar, A. E. H., Shivkumar, K., Khalsa, S. S., Kumar, R., & Ajijola, O. A. (2026) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.02.020 · Cited by 2
Approach to Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Robbins, N. M., Golden, E. P., Freeman, K. J., Bhavaraju-Sanka, R. K., Snapper, H., & Cook, G. A. (2026) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200620 · Cited by 1
Crouch, T. B., Chelimsky, G. G., Boylan, L. E., Maxwell, M., Westcott, G., Chase, S. O., Redman, T., Burch, J., Gharbo, R. S., Wells, M. J., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1829434 · Cited by 1
The Value of Tilt Testing and Autonomic Nervous System Assessment
Sutton, R. (2013) · Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccep.2013.08.003 · Cited by 1
Fu, Q., & Levine, B. D. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386525-0.00057-3 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDiagnostic et traitement du syndrome de tachycardie orthostatique posturale
Raj, S. R., Fedorowski, A., & Sheldon, R. S. (2022) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.211373-f · Cited by 1
Postural tachycardia syndrome. Pathophysiological mechanisms
Biaggioni, I., & Stewart, J. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85492-4.00025-9 · Cited by 1
Bryarly, M. A., Fu, Q., & Levine, B. D. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85492-4.00071-5 · Cited by 1
Self-citationNovel pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Ngonge, A. L., Nyange, C., & Ghali, J. K. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2319224 · Cited by 1
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Pulmonary Hypertension
Systrom, D. M., & Waxman, A. B. (2015) · Respiratory medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2636-7_11 · Cited by 1
Small Heart as a Constitutive Factor Predisposing to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Miwa, K. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/29415 · Cited by 1
Busmer, L., Kavi, L., & West, J. (2012) · British Journal of Cardiac Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjca.2012.7.5.206 · Cited by 1
Wang, S., Zou, R., Cai, H., Ding, Y., Xiao, H.-H., Wang, X., Li, F., Wang, Y., & Wang, C. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2003133 · Cited by 1
Bourne, K. M., Lloyd, M. G., & Raj, S. R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54165-1_4 · Cited by 1
Fedorowski, A., Hamrefors, V., & Ricci, F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62493-4_13 · Cited by 1
Wicks, P., & Cordery, R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54165-1_38 · Cited by 1
Centorbi, C. S., Garau, E., Borsi, L., Brambilla, V., Brambilla, L., & Lazzeroni, D. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.109292 · Cited by 1
Classification of syncope through data analyticsPreprint
Hart, J., Mehlsen, J., Olsen, C. H., Olufsen, M. S., & Gremaud, P. A. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1609.02049 · Cited by 1
Pearce, G., Holliday, N., Sandhu, H. K., Eftekhari, H., Bruce, J., Timms, E., Ablett, L., Kavi, L., Simmonds, J. V., Evans, R., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2642799/v1 · Cited by 1
van Campen, C. M. C., Verheugt, F. W. A., Rowe, P. C., & Visser, F. C. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.08.02.24311436 · Cited by 1
Emergence of Functional Heart-Brain Circuits in a VertebratePreprint
Hernandez-Nunez, L., Avrami, J., Shi, S., Markarian, A., Kim, A., Boulanger-Weill, J., Rutten, V., Zarghani-Shiraz, A., Ahrens, M. B., Engert, F., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.109362.1 · Cited by 1
Emergence of Functional Heart-Brain Circuits in a VertebratePreprint
Hernandez-Nunez, L., Avrami, J., Shi, S., Markarian, A., Kim, A., Boulanger-Weill, J., Rutten, V., Zarghani-Shiraz, A., Ahrens, M. B., Engert, F., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.109362 · Cited by 2
Active Supraventricular Arrhythmias
de Luna, A. B. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444391749.ch4
Mechanisms of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Raj, S. R. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386525-0.00107-4
Ivabradine: Just another New Pharmacological Option for Heart Rate Control?
Pérez‐Riera, A. R. (2011) · Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology · doi:10.4172/2155-9880.s4-001
Confounders of Vasovagal Syncope Tachycardia Syndrome
Nwazue, V. C., & Raj, S. R. (2013)
Dayer, M. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139600354.063
OBSOLETE: Sinus Tachycardias: Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Raj, S. R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.99799-x
Syndromes of Orthostatic Intolerance: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
우향옥, & 염정숙 (2017) · Annals of Child Neurology · doi:10.26815/jkcns.2017.25.2.67
Kerrigan, D. J., Saval, M. A., Poremba, A., & Nour, K. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology · doi:10.31189/2165-7629-3.1.16
"Small Heart Syndrome" with Orthostatic Hypotension
Harada, K., Yasuda, M., & Otsuka, F. (2019) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.2673-19
Inter-professional Care: Integration with Exercise Physiologists
McLaughlin, M. A., & Vera, F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48088-2_17
Exercise in the management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Adger, K., & Lynch, H. M. (2020) · Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness · doi:10.56980/jkw.v9i.70
Editorial commentary: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: Moving forward, not standing still
Blitshteyn, S. (2021) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2021.10.010
DETERMINATION OF A PLASMA EMITTER FORM IN AN ACCELERATING ELECTRIC FIELD.
Volkov, B. I., Sveshnikov, A. G., & Semashko, N. N. (1971) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)
Active Supraventricular Arrhythmias
de Luna, A. B., & FCCS, A. B. M. F. F. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119212782.ch4
Sinus Tachycardias: Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Shaw, B. H., Ng, J., & Raj, S. R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809657-4.99799-0
Miwa, K. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4132922
Other forms of autonomic dysfunction
Appenzeller, O., Lamotte, G. J., & Coon, E. A. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96011-3.00007-3
Síndrome de taquicardia ortostática postural en pacientes post SARS-CoV-2
Gallardo, W. C., Sánchez, J. C. O., Añazco, B. R., & Peralta, S. M. S. (2023) · Tesla Revista Científica · doi:10.55204/trc.v3i2.e121
Reams, N., & Beltran, E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99992-2.00076-1 · Cited by 3
Letourneau-Shesaf, S., & Raj, S. R. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95082-4.00024-4
Overview of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) for General Cardiologists
Nassereddin, A., Kramer, E. F., Fedorowski, A., & Ruzieh, M. (2024) · Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications · doi:10.15212/cvia.2023.0098 · Cited by 1
Katwaroo, A. R., Chandolu, K. M., Seecheran, V. K., Ramcharan, P., Seecheran, R. V., Giddings, S., Bhagwandass, N., & Seecheran, N. A. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.64008
Sinus Tachycardias: Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Talati, A., Uppal, J., Sheldon, R. S., & Raj, S. R. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15734-9.00016-9
Metadata
- Authors
- Fu, Q., VanGundy, T. B., Galbreath, M. M., Shibata, S., Jain, M., Hastings, J. L., Bhella, P. S., & Levine, B. D.
- Affiliations
- Texas Health Dallas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Levine, Benjamin D.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 2858-2868
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2914315
- OpenAlex
- W2130006990
- Semantic Scholar
- 7b8f40b47ff2bed4e58746aa87dd800496a2230c
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 16.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HL075283)
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute (CA00701)
- Clinical and Translational Research Center(formerly the General Clinical Research Center (RR00633)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood volume, left ventricular mass, exercise training, orthostatic tachycardia, autonomic function, baroreflex, systemic vascular resistance, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure Determination, Blood Volume, Electrocardiography, Postural Balance, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Diseases, Heart Rate, Hemodynamics, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Probability, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Exercise, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Tilt-Table Test, Statistics, Nonparametric, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
