Cited by 168Dermatology and Skin DiseasesContact Dermatitis and AllergiesAsthma and respiratory diseases

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The molecular features of normal and atopic dermatitis skin in infants, children, adolescents, and adults

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Renert-Yuval, Yael, Del Duca, Ester, Pavel, Ana B., Fang, Milie, Lefferdink, Rachel, Wu, Jianni, Diaz, Aisleen, Estrada, Yeriel D., Canter, Talia, Zhang, Ning, Wagner, Annette, Chamlin, Sarah, Krueger, James G., Guttman-Yassky, Emma, Paller, Amy S.·2021·Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Abstract

Background Although atopic dermatitis (AD) often presents in infancy and persists into adulthood, comparative characterization of AD skin among different pediatric age groups is lacking.Objective We sought to define skin biopsy profiles of lesional and nonlesional AD across different age groups (0-5-year-old infants with disease duration <6 months, 6-11-year-old children, 12-17-year-old adolescents, ≥18-year-old adults) versus age-appropriate controls.Methods We performed gene expression analyses by RNA-sequencing and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and protein expression analysis using immunohistochemistry.Results T H 2/T H 22 skewing, including IL-13, CCL17/thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, IL-22, and S100As, characterized the common AD signature, with a global pathway-level enrichment across all ages. Nevertheless, specific cytokines varied widely. For example, IL-33, IL-1RL1/IL-33R, and IL-9, often associated with early atopic sensitization, showed greatest upregulations in infants. T H 17 inflammation presented a 2-peak curve, with highest increases in infants (including IL-17A and IL-17F), followed by adults. T H 1 polarization was uniquely detected in adults, even when compared with adolescents, with significant upregulation in adults of IFN-γ and CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11. Although all AD age groups had barrier abnormalities, only adults had significant decreases in filaggrin expression. Despite the short duration of the disease, infant AD presented robust downregulations of multiple barrier-related genes in both lesional and nonlesional skin. Clinical severity scores significantly correlated with T H 2/T H 22-related markers in all pediatric age groups.Conclusions The shared signature of AD across ages is T H 2/T H 22-skewed, yet differential expression of specific T H 2/T H 22-related genes, other T H pathways, and barrier-related genes portray heterogenetic, age-specific molecular fingerprints.

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  1. Czarnowicki, 2020, Evolution of pathologic T-cell subsets in atopic dermatitis from infancy to adulthood, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 145, 215, 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.031 · DOI · Paper page

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Metadata

Authors
Renert-Yuval, Y., Del Duca, E., Pavel, A. B., Fang, M., Lefferdink, R., Wu, J., Diaz, A., Estrada, Y. D., Canter, T., Zhang, N., Wagner, A., Chamlin, S., Krueger, J. G., Guttman-Yassky, E., & Paller, A. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Mississippi (US)
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • Rockefeller University (US)
Corresponding author
Paller, Amy S.
Venue
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-07
Volume
148
Issue
1
Pages
148-163
ISSN
0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3120289132
Cited by
168
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 12
FWCI
24.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Feinberg School of Medicine
  • Rockefeller University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Keywords
atopic dermatitis, age differences, skin transcriptome, IL-13, IL-22, IL-33, IL-9, Th17 inflammation, Th1 polarization, skin barrier genes, filaggrin, disease severity, infants, children, adolescents, adults
MeSH terms
Filaggrin Proteins, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Dermatitis, Atopic, Eczema, Female, Humans, Infant, Inflammation, Male, Severity of Illness Index, Skin, Biomarkers, Cytokines, Th2 Cells, Young Adult

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