Severe food allergy reactions are associated with α-tryptase
Open accessAbstract
Background Increased TPSAB1 copy numbers encoding ⍺-tryptase are associated with severe reactions in adults with Hymenoptera venom allergy, systemic mastocytosis, and idiopathic anaphylaxis. Objective The primary objective was to assess the association between ⍺-tryptase and severity of food allergy. Methods A total of 119 subjects underwent tryptase genotyping; 82 of them were from an observational food allergy cohort at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), and 37 were from a cohort of children who reacted to peanut oral food challenge (OFC) at Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. The primary predictor was presence or absence of ⍺-tryptase. The primary outcomes for both cohorts were measures of severity of food allergy reaction. Secondary outcomes included OFC symptom scores (Bock/Practical Allergy [PRACTALL] and Severity Grading Score for Acute Reactions [SGSAR]). Correlation between total α-tryptase isoforms and OFC scores was also assessed to account for gene dosage effects. Results Among the subjects in the NIAID cohort, the presence of ⍺-tryptase was associated with a higher prevalence of food-triggered anaphylaxis than in those with only β-tryptase (P = .026). Similarly, only 1 of 6 subjects in the OFC cohort with only β-tryptase (17%) had a severe reaction, whereas 20 of 31 of subjects with α-tryptase (65%) had a severe reaction (P = .066). Subjects with ⍺-tryptase also had higher total SGSAR scores than did the subjects with no ⍺-tryptase (P = .003). In addition, there were also significant positive correlations between ⍺-tryptase isoform copy numbers and both higher total SGSAR and Bock/PRACTALL OFC scores (P = .008 and P = .003, respectively). Conclusion The presence of α-tryptase in subjects is correlated with a higher prevalence of anaphylaxis or severe reaction to food than in subjects without any α-tryptase.
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There is a consensus that HαT is a risk modifier of severe anaphylaxis.
“There is a consensus that HαT is a risk modifier of severe anaphylaxis [21,48,49,50,51,52,53].”
From Diagnostic Significance of Tryptase for Suspected Mast Cell Disorders (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says the results suggest HαT may generally be associated with increased anaphylaxis severity, and it cites similar findings in venom allergy and systemic mastocytosis. That supports the risk-modifier idea, but the paper presents it as a suggestion rather than establishing a consensus. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Svetina, M., Lyons, J. J., Kopač, P., Šelb, J., Košnik, M., Rijavec, M., & Korošec, P. (2026) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.70448
Hereditary alpha-tryptasemia: ten years on
(2026) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-8910-6
- Authors
- Lang, A., Kubala, S., Grieco, M. C., Mateja, A., Pongracic, J., Liu, Y., Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, P. A., Kumar, R., & Lyons, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lang, Abigail
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-10
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 933-939
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10592152
- OpenAlex
- W4385632397
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIAID (AI083216)
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institutes of Health (75N91019D00024)
- Food Allergy Research & Education
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Mast cells and histamine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
- Keywords
- food allergy, anaphylaxis, beta-tryptase, gene dosage
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Allergens, Anaphylaxis, Arthropod Venoms, Child, Food Hypersensitivity, Humans, Tryptases
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