Acute exercise reduces the effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder
Abstract
Background Chronic exercise has been shown to have therapeutic effects in panic disorder (PD). The mechanism of these effects is unknown. Acute exercise reduces the effect of a panic challenge in healthy volunteers. Such an effect has not yet been demonstrated in PD patients. The present study aimed at exploring the antipanic effects of acute exercise on a 35% CO2 panic provocation in treatment-naïve PD patients to further elucidate the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise on panic.Methods Eighteen PD patients performed either moderate/hard exercise or very-light exercise before a 35% CO2 challenge in a randomized, between-group design. The reactivity to CO2 was assessed with the Visual Analogue Anxiety Scale and the DSM-IV Panic Symptom List.Results Panic reactions to CO2 were smaller in patients that performed moderate/hard exercise in contrast to those that performed very-light exercise. Increments in both measurements and panic rates were consistently reduced by intense exercise.Limitations Since this study focuses on the acute effects of exercise on CO2 sensitivity in patients with PD, the results of repetitive exercise sessions on the rate of spontaneous panic attacks and overall symptoms are warranted. The small sample size and other limitations are addressed.Conclusions Exercise reduced the panicogenic effects of a CO2 challenge. In addition to its therapeutic potential, exercise may also be useful as a laboratory maneuver with heuristic value in experimental research into the mechanisms of antipanic treatment.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A small study (N = 18) demonstrated less panic reactions to CO2 in patients who performed moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise compared with those who performed very light intensity activity.
“A small study (N = 18) tested a dose-response relationship by comparing the anxiolytic impact of varying intensity exercise and demonstrated that there were less panic reactions to CO2 in patients that performed moderate-to-vigorous intensity in contrast to those who performed very light intensity activity [96].”
From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [96]
Cites
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
(1995) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e525162010-001 · Cited by 5,488 · see citing works
Åstrand, P. O., & Ryhming, I. (1954) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1954.7.2.218 · Cited by 1,558 · see citing works
Regular exercise, anxiety, depression and personality: a population-based study
De Moor, M. H. M., Beem, A. L., Stubbe, J. H., Boomsma, D. I., & De Geus, E. J. C. (2006) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.12.002 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Lactate Provocation of Panic Attacks: I. Clinical and Behavioral Findings
Liebowitz, M. R. (1984) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790190038004 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Comparison of Aerobic Exercise, Clomipramine, and Placebo in the Treatment of Panic Disorder
Broocks, A., Bandelow, B., Pekrun, G., George, A., Meyer, T., Bartmann, U., Hillmer-Vogel, U., & Rüther, E. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.5.603 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Physical activity, exercise coping, and depression in a 10-year cohort study of depressed patients
Harris, A. H. S., Cronkite, R. C., & Moos, R. H. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.02.013 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Veale, D. M. (1987) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02872.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Greenwood, B. N., Foley, T. E., Day, H. E. W., Burhans, D., Brooks, L., Campeau, S., & Fleshner, M. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.025 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The Acute Antipanic Activity of Aerobic Exercise
Ströhle, A., Feller, C., Onken, M., Godemann, F., Heinz, A., & Dimeo, F. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2376 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effects of tryptophan depletion on anxiety and on panic provoked by carbon dioxide challenge
Klaassen, T., Klumperbeek, J., Deutz, N. E. P., van Praag, H. M., & Griez, E. J. L. (1998) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00004-3 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety modulation by the heart? Aerobic exercise and atrial natriuretic peptide
Ströhle, A., Feller, C., Strasburger, C. J., Heinz, A., & Dimeo, F. (2006) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.08.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Anxiolytic Activity of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Panic Disorder
Ströhle, A., Kellner, M. B., Holsboer, F., & Wiedemann, K. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.9.1514 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Sinha, S. S., Goetz, R. R., & Klein, D. F. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.11.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Acute exercise reduces caffeine-induced anxiogenesis
Youngstedt, S. D., O’Connor, P. J., Crabbe, J. B., & Dishman, R. K. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199805000-00015 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The effects of acute exercise and high lactate levels on 35% CO2 challenge in healthy volunteers
Esquivel, G., Schruers, K. R. J., Kuipers, H., & Griez, E. J. L. (2002) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.01333.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise tolerance in panic disorder patients
Stein, J., Papp, L. A., Klein, D. F., Cohen, S., Simon, J., Ross, D. C., Martínez, J. A. B., & Gorman, J. M. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90109-d · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 18 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exercise as Treatment for Anxiety: Systematic Review and Analysis
Stonerock, G. L., Hoffman, B. M., Smith, P. J., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2015) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-014-9685-9 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Asmundson, G. J. G., Fetzner, M. G., DeBoer, L. B., Powers, M. B., Otto, M. W., & Smits, J. A. J. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22043 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Exercise for anxiety disorders: systematic review
Jayakody, K., Gunadasa, S., & Hosker, C. (2014) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091287 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety
Kandola, A., Vancampfort, D., Herring, M., Rebar, A., Hallgren, M., Firth, J., & Stubbs, B. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0923-x · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Exercise and Physical Activity in Mental Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Evidence
Zschucke, E., Gaudlitz, K., & Ströhle, A. (2013) · Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health · doi:10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.s.s12 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Aylett, E., Small, N., & Bower, P. (2018) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3313-5 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Panteleimon Ekkekakis, A., Hargreaves, E. A., & Parfitt, G. (2013) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.04.007 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Hu, S., Tucker, L. D., Wu, C., & Yang, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.587557 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Panic disorder and control of breathing
Nardi, A. E., Freire, R. C., & Zin, W. A. (2009) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2008.07.011 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Exploring exercise as an avenue for the treatment of anxiety disorders
Hopkins, L. B., Powers, M. B., Utschig, A. C., Otto, M. W., & Smits, J. A. J. (2012) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.12.73 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Ströhle, A., Graetz, B., Scheel, M., Wittmann, A., Feller, C., Heinz, A., & Dimeo, F. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.02.004 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Koczulla, A. R., Ankermann, T., Behrends, U., Berlit, P., Berner, R., Böing, S., Brinkmann, F., Frank, U., Franke, C., Glöckl, R., et al. (2022) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-1946-3230 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Vigorous exercise increases brain lactate and Glx (glutamate+glutamine): A dynamic 1H-MRS study
Maddock, R. J., Casazza, G. A., Buonocore, M. H., & Tanase, C. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.048 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Exercise and physical activity in mental disorders
Wolff, E., Gaudlitz, K., von Lindenberger, B.-L., Plag, J., Heinz, A., & Ströhle, A. (2011) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-011-0254-y · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Gaudlitz, K., Plag, J., Dimeo, F., & Ströhle, A. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22337 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of panic disorder: an update
Batelaan, N. M., Van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Stein, D. J. (2012) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145711000800 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Effects of Emotional Exposure on State Anxiety after Acute Exercise
Smith, J. C. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31826d5ce5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hovland, A., Nordhus, I. H., Sjøbø, T., Gjestad, B. A., Birknes, B., Martinsen, E. W., Torsheim, T., & Pallesen, S. (2012) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465812000446 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Learning to fear suffocation: A new paradigm for interoceptive fear conditioning
Pappens, M., Smets, E., Vansteenwegen, D., den Bergh, O. V., & Diest, I. V. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01357.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Wolf, S., Seiffer, B., Zeibig, J., Frei, A. K., Studnitz, T., Welkerling, J., Meinzinger, E., Bauer, L. L., Baur, J., Rosenstiel, S., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00069-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Crombie, K. M., Cisler, J. M., Hillard, C. J., & Koltyn, K. F. (2020) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100366 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sardinha, A., de Araújo, C. G. S., Soares‐Filho, G. L., & Nardi, A. E. (2011) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/erc.10.170 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The effects of acute exercise on CO2 challenge reactivity
Smits, J. A. J., Meuret, A. E., Zvolensky, M. J., Rosenfield, D., & Seidel, A. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.05.009 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Körperliche Aktivität in der Prävention und Behandlung von Angsterkrankungen
Petzold, M. B., Bendau, A., & Ströhle, A. (2020) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-020-00414-0 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Pappens, M., den Bergh, O. V., Peuter, S. D., Bresseleers, J., Vansteenwegen, D., & Diest, I. V. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.02.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Leibold, N. K., van den Hove, D., Esquivel, G., Cort, K. D., Goossens, L., Strackx, E., Buchanan, G. F., Steinbusch, H. W. M., Lesch, K., & Schruers, K. R. J. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.04.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationdo Amaral, J. M. X., Spadaro, P. T. M., Pereira, V. M., Silva, A. C. D. O. E., & Nardi, A. E. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1045 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Physical fitness in depressive patients and impact of illness course and disability
Voderholzer, U., Dersch, R. S., Dickhut, H. H., Herter, A., Freyer, T., & Berger, T. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.028 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lattari, E., Budde, H., Paes, F., Neto, G. D. A. M., Appolinário, J. C., Nardi, A. E., Murillo‐Rodríguez, E., & Machado, S. E. D. C. (2018) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901814010011 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Exercise as Treatment for “Stress-Related” Mental Disorders
Bendau, A., Petzold, M. B., Kaminski, J., Plag, J., & Ströhle, A. (2023) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x22666230927103308 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Toward a personalized therapy for panic disorder: preliminary considerations from a work in progress
Caldirola, D., & Perna, G. (2019) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s174433 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
von Lindenberger, B.-L., Plag, J., Schumacher, S., Gaudlitz, K., Bischoff, S., Bobbert, T., Dimeo, F., Petzold, M. B., Kirschbaum, C., Dudás, Z., et al. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22659 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jacinto, M., Frontini, R., Matos, R. M. N., & Antunes, R. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9081047 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wolf, S., Seiffer, B., Zeibig, J., Welkerling, J., Bauer, L. L., Frei, A. K., Studnitz, T., Rosenstiel, S., Fiedler, D. V., Helmhold, F., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03541-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory response to physical exercise and psychological variables in panic disorder
Caldirola, D., Namia, C., Micieli, W., Carminati, C., Bellodi, L., & Perna, G. (2011) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462011000400013 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Crombie, K. M., & O’Connor, P. J. (2024) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2024_498 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hovland, A., Johansen, H., Sjøbø, T., Vøllestad, J., Nordhus, I. H., Pallesen, S., Havik, O. E., Martinsen, E. W., & Nordgreen, T. (2015) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2015.1022596 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Can regular physical exercise be a treatment for panic disorder? A systematic review
Machado, S. E. D. C., Telles, G., Magalhaes, F., Teixeira, D., Amatriain‐Fernández, S., Budde, H., Imperatori, C., Murillo‐Rodríguez, E., Monteiro, D., Telles‐Correia, D., et al. (2022) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2021.2005581 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ensari, I., Petruzzello, S. J., & Motl, R. W. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102230 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ligon, G. A., Crombie, K. M., Herring, M. P., O’Connor, P. J., & Fedewa, M. V. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.70137 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of panic disorder
Batelaan, N. M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Stein, D. J. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511910395.006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
How exercise influences the brain: a neuroscience perspective
Konopka, L. M. (2015) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2015.56.169 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Broocks, A., & Wedekind, D. (2009) · Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie up2date · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1090119 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cosci, F., Ibrahim, H. M. H., Nannini, A., & Schruers, K. R. J. (2015) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000048 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationAerobic training intervention in panic disorder: a case-series study
Gomes, R. M., Sardinha, A., de Araújo, C. G. S., Nardi, A. E., & Deslandes, A. C. (2014) · Medical Express · doi:10.5935/medicalexpress.2014.04.07 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effects of acute exercise on CO2-induced fear
Esquivel, G., Dandachi, A., Knuts, I., Goossens, L., Griez, E. J. L., & Schruers, K. R. J. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20860 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationAerobic exercise reduces anxiety symptoms and improves fitness in patients with panic disorder
Lamego, M. K., Lattari, E., Filho, A. S. S., Paes, F., Mascarenhas, J., Neto, G. D. A. M., de Oliveira, A. J., Campos, C., Rocha, N., Nardi, A. E., et al. (2016) · Medical Express · doi:10.5935/medicalexpress.2016.03.06 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lattari, E., Paes, F., Machado, A., Rocha, N., Nardi, A. E., & Machado, S. E. D. C. (2015) · Medical Express · doi:10.5935/medicalexpress.2015.06.02 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sardinha, A., de Araújo, C. G. S., & Nardi, A. E. (2011) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0047-20852011000300013 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Muotri, R. W., Luciano, A. C., Guirado, A. G., Neto, F. L., & Bernik, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1739639 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Anger, Å., Wallerblad, A., Kaaman, L., Broman, R., Holmberg, J., Lundgren, T., Salomonsson, S., Sundberg, C. J., & Martinsson, L. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05053-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lambert, R. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120607017 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wintermann, G., Noack, R., Steudte‐Schmiedgen, S., & Weidner, K. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273413 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Carl, E., Mason, J. E., Smits, J. A. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00074-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Koerner, N., Vorstenbosch, V., & Antony, M. M. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118156391.ebcp002012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Therapeutic Effect of Exercise on Mental Health
Parlakyıldız, S. (2024) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1458867 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wirkmechanismen von körperlicher Aktivität und Sport in der Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen
Bendau, A., Petzold, M. B., & Ströhle, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66208-3_13 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Acute exercise reduces the effects of a 35% CO2 challenge in patients with panic disorder
Ballenger, J. C. (2009) · Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health · doi:10.1016/s0084-3970(08)79194-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exercise in Panic Disorder: Implications for Disorder Maintenance, Treatment and Physical Health
Sardinha, A., & ARAUJO, C. G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12538-1_18 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Women’s Mental Health
Gomes, E., Costa, R., Bastos, T. C. L., Probst, M., & Corredeira, R. (2018) · Lecture notes in computational vision and biomechanics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71574-2_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders and Exercise: The Role for Health and Fitness Professionals
Brown, J., Pozzi, A. T. D., & Hicks-Little, C. A. (2019) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000465 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Johansen, H., Vøllestad, J., Sjøbø, T., Nordhus, I. H., Pallesen, S., Havik, O. E., Martinsen, E. W., Nordgreen, T., & Hovland, A. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113381 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
de Vos, J. H., Schruers, K. R. J., Debard, G., Bonroy, B., Linden, D. E. J., & Leibold, N. K. (2024) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-024-06548-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationRandomisierte, kontrollierte Studie zu den Effekten von Sport bei Patienten mit einer Dentophobie
Dudás, Z. (2011) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-13158
Lichamelijke inspanning als (adjuvante) therapie bij depressie en angststoornissen
Hartgens, F., Schruers, K. R. J., & Griez, E. J. L. (2008) · Stimulus · doi:10.1007/bf03077591
Self-citationPanic disorder: Treatment outcomes and psychophysiological concomitants
Hovland, A. (2013) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Pritchett, R. (2016) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Sardinha, A., Gil, C., de Araújo, S., & Nardi, A. E. (2011)
Effect of Aqua Training on Cortisol and Plasma Insulin in Patients with Panic Disorder
Olamazadeh, S., Ebrahim, K., Ghazalian, F., & Barekatain, M. (2016) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Current trends in treatment of anxiety disorders
Nosková, E., Stopková, P., & Šebela, A. (2017) · Psychiatrie pro praxi · doi:10.36290/psy.2017.020
Körperliche Aktivität bei spezifischen psychischen Erkrankungen
Bendau, A., Petzold, M. B., & Ströhle, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66208-3_12
Muotri, R. W., Luciano, A. C., Guirado, A. G., Neto, F. L., & Bernik, M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4977828
Wolf, S., Seiffer, B., Zeibig, J.-M., Welkerling, J., Bauer, L. L., Frei, A. K., Studnitz, T., Rosenstiel, S., Fiedler, D. V., Helmhold, F., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16909996
Eco-anxiété, changement climatique et santé mentale
Heeren, A. (2024) · Carrefour des psychothérapies · doi:10.3917/dbu.heere.2024.01.0201
Lactate and panic across infusion and exercise contexts: an interoceptive context-gating hypothesis
Li, X., Wang, S., & Chen, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1975318
- Authors
- Esquivel, G., Díaz-Galvis, J., Schruers, K., Berlanga, C., Lara-Muñoz, C., & Griez, E.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (MX)
- Corresponding author
- Esquivel, Gabriel
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 217-220
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2061174407
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- panic disorder, acute exercise, CO2 challenge, hypercapnia, panic attacks, exercise intensity, treatment-naive patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Carbon Dioxide, Exercise Therapy, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Lactates, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Exercise, Panic Disorder, Treatment Outcome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
