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Cited by 119Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPhysical Activity and HealthCardiac Health and Mental Health

The acute antipanic and anxiolytic activity of aerobic exercise in patients with panic disorder and healthy control subjects

Ströhle, Andreas, Graetz, Barbara, Scheel, Michael, Wittmann, André, Feller, Christian, Heinz, Andreas, Dimeo, Fernando·2009·Journal of Psychiatric Research
DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.02.004
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Abstract

Regular physical activity is anxiolytic in both healthy subjects and patients with panic disorder. In contrast, acute exercise may induce acute panic attacks or increase subjective anxiety in patients with panic disorder more than in other people. The effects of quiet rest or an aerobic treadmill exercise (30 min at an intensity of 70% of the maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max) on cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) induced panic attacks were studied in a crossover design in 12 patients with panic disorder and 12 matched healthy subjects. The effects of CCK-4 (25 microg in patients and 50 microg in control subjects) were measured with the Acute Panic Inventory (API) score, comparing panic attack frequencies, total score, and subscores for anxiety and somatic symptoms. CCK-4-induced panic attacks were less frequent after prior exercise: they occurred in 15 (62.5%) subjects after rest (9 patients and 6 control subjects), but only 5 (20.8%) subjects after exercise (4 patients and 1 control subject). In both conditions, CCK-4 administration induced a significant increase in the total API score and the anxiety and somatic symptoms subsores. However, compared to prior rest, exercise resulted in a significantly reduced CCK-4-induced increase of the total API score and the anxiety subscore. In patients with panic disorder exercise increased the total API score and the somatic symptoms subscale but not the anxiety subscore. Patients with panic disorder showed increased somatic but not anxiety symptoms after an acute bout of exercise. Severity of CCK-4-induced panic and anxiety, on the other hand was reduced by exercise. These findings suggest that in addition to exercise training an acute bout of exercise may be used to reduce anxiety and panic attack frequency and intensity in panic disorder patients.

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  • Several studies have found physical activity to reduce anxiety sensitivity by producing physiological responses similar to high anxious states without the negative anxious feelings associated with such arousal.

    “Several studies have found PA to reduce anxiety sensitivity by reliably producing similar physiological responses as experienced with high anxious states, such as increased heart rate, but without the negative, anxious feelings that people with anxiety disorders have grown to associate with such physiological arousal [85, 86]⁠.”

    From Moving to Beat Anxiety: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Issues with Physical Activity for Anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as [86]

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Authors
Ströhle, A., Graetz, B., Scheel, M., Wittmann, A., Feller, C., Heinz, A., & Dimeo, F.
Affiliations
Stiftung Charité (DE)
Corresponding author
Ströhle, Andreas
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-08
Volume
43
Issue
12
Pages
1013-1017
ISSN
0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.02.004
OpenAlex
W2000454500
Cited by
119
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
FWCI
10.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Keywords
panic disorder, aerobic exercise, acute exercise, CCK-4, anxiolytic effects, anxiety, somatic symptoms, treadmill exercise, physical activity
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Somatoform Disorders, Tetragastrin, Exercise

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