Cardiorespiratory response to physical exercise and psychological variables in panic disorder
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible influence of psychological variables on cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion of patients with Panic Disorder (PD) during a submaximal exercise test. METHOD: Ten outpatients with PD and 10 matched healthy subjects walked up on a treadmill slope at a speed of 4 km/h in order to reach 65% of their maximum heart rate. Cardiorespiratory variables were continuously recorded. Before the exercise, the state and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores), fear of physical sensations (Body Sensation Questionnaire scores), and fear of autonomic arousal (Anxiety Sensitivity Index scores) were assessed; during the exercise, levels of anxiety (VAS-A) and exertion (Borg Scale CR 10) were measured. RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients reached earlier the target HR and the ventilatory threshold, showed lower oxygen consumption, higher HR and lower within-subject standard deviations of HR (a measure of cardiac variability). Exertion was also higher, and there was a significant correlation between breathing frequency, tidal volume and HR. No significant associations were found between cardiorespiratory response, perceived exertion, and psychological variables in patients with PD. CONCLUSION: Although patients with PD presented poor cardiorespiratory fitness and were required to spend more effort during physical exercise, this did not appear to be related to the psychological variables considered. Further studies with larger groups are warranted.
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Physical fitness, as measured using cardiopulmonary exercise test, has appeared to be poor in many patients with panic disorder.
“Physical fitness, as measured using cardiopulmonary exercise test, has appeared to be poor in many patients with PD [54, 55].”
From Management of Treatment-Resistant Panic Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Caldirola, D., Namia, C., Micieli, W., Carminati, C., Bellodi, L., & Perna, G.
- Affiliations
- Hermanas Hospitalarias del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús (IT)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Venue
- Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
- Publisher
- EDITORA SCIENTIFIC
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 385-389
- ISSN
- 1516-4446 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167269124
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- The Scientific Electronic Library Online (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- panic disorder, cardiorespiratory responses, physical activity, perceived exertion, anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, ventilatory threshold, heart rate variability, oxygen consumption, cardiorespiratory fitness, submaximal exercise testing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Exercise Test, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Case-Control Studies, Panic Disorder
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